Níveis de estresse, hábitos alimentares e peso corporal de adultos em Instituições de Ensino Superior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202549e17412025PPalavras-chave:
Alimentos Ultraprocessados, Isolamento Social, Ansiedade, Alterações do Peso CorporalResumo
Analisar a prevalência de estresse percebido durante o período de isolamento social imposto pela pandemia da Covid-19, segundo características sociodemográficas, de consumo alimentar e outros comportamentos relacionados à saúde, em adultos trabalhadores e estudantes de Instituições de Ensino Superior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal com 524 indivíduos, realizado em 2020. Os participantes responderam um questionário online sobre estresse percebido (Perceived Stress Scale), além da frequência semanal de consumo de alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalência (RP) ajustadas e os respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%, por meio de regressão de Poisson. O nível mais alto de estresse percebido alcançou 31,1% da amostra, sendo ainda maior nos indivíduos com menor renda domiciliar (≤ 3 salários-mínimos, RP=2,14; IC95%: 1,22-3,73), nos que consumiam frituras (RP=1,80; IC95%: 1,15-2,82) e que consumiam guloseimas com frequência ≥ 2 dias na semana (RP=1,69; IC95%: 1,11-2,56), nos que relataram aumento do consumo de álcool (RP=1,76; IC95%: 1,15-2,68) e nos que apresentaram redução do peso corporal (RP=2,62; IC95%: 1,25-5,51) durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Os achados do estudo mostram que mais de um terço dos estudantes e profissionais da educação apresentaram alto nível de estresse, apresentando maior consumo de alimentos com baixa qualidade nutricional, maior uso de bebidas alcoólicas e perda de peso corporal durante o isolamento pela Covid-19.
Downloads
Referências
Holmes EA, O’Connor RC, Perry VH, et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020 Jun;7(6):547-560.
Malta DC, Szwarcwald CL, Andrade MC, et al. The COVID-19 pandemic and changes in lifestyle of Brazilian adults: a cross-sectional study, 2020. Epidemiol Serv Saude [Internet]. 2020 Oct-Dec. [accessed August 13, 2025];29(4). Available at: https://www.scielo.br/j/rbepid/a/4xc9d NPPnXXNMtSYpJX3kqh/?lang=en&format=pdf
Wang SD, Devjani S, Chillakanti M, Dunton GF, Mason TB. The COMET study: Examining the effects of COVID-19-related perceived stress on Los Angeles mothers’ dysregulated eating behaviors, child feeding practices, and body mass index. Appetite. 2021 Aug 1;163:105209.
Heriseanu AI, Hay P, Corbit L, Touyz S. Grazing in adults with obesity and eating disorders: a systematic review of associated clinical features and meta-analysis of prevalence. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017 Dec;58:16-32.
Hossain MM, Tasnim S, Sultana A, et al. Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review. F1000Res. 2020 Jun 23;9:636.
Cooke JE, Eirich R, Racine N, Madigan S. Prevalence of posttraumatic and general psychological stress during COVID-19: a rapid review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Oct;292:113347.
Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J Transl Med. 2020 Jun 8;18(1):229.
Touvier M, da Costa Louzada M L, Mozaffarian D, Baker P, Juul F, Srour B et al. Ultra-processed foods and cardiometabolic health: public health policies to reduce consumption cannot wait BMJ [Internet] 2023 Oct. [accessed August 13, 2025]; 383. Available at: https://www.bmj. com/content/383/bmj-2023-075294
Naja F, Hamadeh R. Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-level framework for action. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020 Aug;74(8):1117-1121.
Carroll N, Sadowski A, Laila A, Hruska V, Nixon M, Ma DWL, et al. The impact of COVID-19 on health behavior, stress, financial and food security among middle to high income Canadian families with young children. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 7;12(8):2352.
Barros MBA, Lima MG, Malta DC, Szwarcwald CL, Azevedo RCS, Romero D, et al. ConVid – Pesquisa de Comportamentos pela Internet durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil: concepção e metodologia de aplicação. Cad Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2021 [acessado em 13 de Agosto, 2025];37(3). Disponível em: https://www.scielosp.org/article/csp/2021.v37n3/e00268320
Carvalho SDL, Barros Filho AAC, Assumpção MBA, Berti de Azevedo D, Qualidade da dieta segundo a autoavaliação de adolescentes: resultados do ISACamp Nutri. Ciênc. Saúde Coletiva. 2020;25(11):4451–4461.
Dias ACR, Andrade AC, Oliveira MS. Validation of the perceived stress scale for Brazilian university students. Psicologia: Teoria e Prática. 2015;17(1):28-36.
StataCorp. Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC; 2017.
Dos Santos Quaresma MV, Marques CG, Magalhães ACO, Dos Santos RVT. Emotional eating, binge eating, physical inactivity, and vespertine chronotype are negative predictors of dietary practices during COVID-19 social isolation: a cross-sectional study. Nutrients. 2021 Oct;13(10):3558.
Almojali AI, Almalki SA, Alothman AS, Masuadi EM, Alaqeel MK. The prevalence and association of stress with sleep quality among medical students. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2017 Sep;7(3):169-174.
Barros MBA, Lima MG, Malta DC, Szwarcwald CL, Azevedo RCS, Romero D, et al. Relato de tristeza/depressão, nervosismo/ansiedade e problemas de sono na população adulta brasileira durante a pandemia de COVID 19. Epidemiol Serv Saúde [Internet]. 2020 [acessado em 13 de Agosto, 2025];29(4). Disponível em: http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1679-49742020000400021&lng=pt&nrm=iso
Aslan I, Ochnik D, Çınar O. Exploring perceived stress among students in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Dec 2;17(23):8961.
Ochnik D, Rogowska AM, Kuśnierz C, et al. Mental health prevalence and predictors among university students in nine countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national study. Sci Rep. 2021 Sep 20;11(1):18644.
Almeida M, Shrestha AD, Stojanac D, Miller LJ. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s mental health. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2020 Dec;23(6):741-748.
Christiansen DM, McCarthy MM, Seeman MV. Where sex meets gender: how sex and gender come together to cause sex differences in mental illness. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Jun 28;13:856436.
Matthews KA, Gallo LC. Psychological perspectives on pathways linking socioeconomic status and physical health. Annu Rev Psychol. 2011;62:501–30.
Martin MS, Maddocks E, Chen Y, Gilman SE, Colman I. Food insecurity and mental illness: disproportionate impacts in the context of perceived stress and social isolation. Public Health. 2016;132:86–91.
Salazar-Fernández C, Palet D, Haeger PA, Román Mella F. The perceived impact of COVID-19 on comfort food consumption over time: the mediational role of emotional distress. Nutrients. 2021 Jun 2;13(6):1910.
Sarda B, Delamaire C, Serry AJ, Ducrot P. Changes in home cooking and culinary practices among the French population during the COVID-19 lockdown. Appetite. 2022 Jan 1;168:105743.
Malta DC, Gomes CS, Souza PRB Jr, Szwarcwald CL, Barros MBA, Lima MG, et al. A pandemia da COVID-19 e as mudanças no estilo de vida dos brasileiros adultos: um estudo transversal, 2020. Epidemiol Serv Saúde [Internet]. 2020 [acessado em 13 de Agosto, 2025];29(4). Disponível em: http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S1679-49742020000400025&lng=pt&nrm=iso
Capasso A, Jones AM, Ali SH, Foreman J, Tozan Y, DiClemente RJ. Increased alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic: the effect of mental health and age in a cross-sectional sample of social media users in the U.S. Prev Med. 2021;145:106422.
Sanchez ZM, Sanches YP, Cogo-Moreira H, Valente JY, Martins CB, Andreoni S, et al. Consumo de álcool durante a pandemia da COVID-19: uma reflexão necessária para o enfrentamento da situação. Cad Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2020 [acessado em 13 de Agosto, 2025];36(10). Disponível em: https://www.scielosp.org/article/csp/2020.v36n10/e00124520/
Schultchen D, Reichenberger J, Mittl T, et al. Bidirectional relationship of stress and affect with physical activity and healthy eating. Br J Health Psychol. 2019 May;24(2):315-333.
Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaria M, Picaza-Gorrochategi M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N. Levels of stress, anxiety and depression in the first phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in a sample collected in northern Spain. Cad Saude Publica [Internet]. 2020 Apr 27. [accessed August 13, 2025];36(4). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32374806/
Araiza AM, Lobel M. Stress and eating: definitions, findings, explanations, and implications. Soc Personal Psychol Compass [Internet]. 2018 Apr. [accessed August 13, 2025];12(4). Available at: https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/spc3.12378
Frayn M, Knäuper B. Emotional eating and weight in adults: a review. Curr Psychol. 2018;37(4):924-933.
Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R, et al. Changes in weight and nutritional habits in adults with obesity during the “lockdown” period caused by the COVID-19 virus emergency. Nutrients. 2020 Jul 7;12(7):2016.
Heatherton TF. Neuroscience of self and self-regulation. Annu Rev Psychol. 2011;62:363-390.
Martinez-Avila WD, Sanchez-Delgado G, Acosta FM, et al. Eating behavior, physical activity and exercise training: a randomized controlled trial in young healthy adults. Nutrients. 2020 Nov 29;12(12):3685.
Peluso MA, Andrade LH. Physical activity and mental health: the association between exercise and mood. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2005;60(1):61- 70.
Tomiyama AJ. Stress and obesity. Annu Rev Psychol. 2019 Jan 4;70:703-718.
Ng DM, Jeffery RW. Relationships between perceived stress and health behaviors in a sample of working adults. Health Psychol. 2003 Nov;22(6):638-642.
Capone V, Schettino G, Marino L, et al. The new normal of remote work: exploring individual and organizational factors affecting work-related outcomes and well-being in academia. Front Psychol. 2024 Feb 12;15:1340094.
Shuja KH, Aqeel M, Jaffar A, Ahmed A. COVID-19 pandemic and impending global mental health implications. Psychiatr Danub. 2020 Spring;32(1):32-35.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 O Mundo da Saúde
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.jpg)
