Conocimientos esenciales para el autocuidado en la rehabilitación cardiovascular: revisión integradora
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202650e20032026PPalabras clave:
Cardiología, Enfermería Cardiovascular, Rehabilitación Cardíaca, Autocuidado, Alfabetización en SaludResumen
El autocuidado en la rehabilitación cardiovascular (RCV) constituye un factor esencial para promover la autonomía del paciente y está fuertemente influenciado por el nivel de conocimientos que este posee. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los conocimientos esenciales para el autocuidado abordados por la enfermería en el contexto de la RCV. Se trata de una revisión integradora, realizada entre abril y septiembre de 2024, desarrollada en seis etapas. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en cinco bases de datos por dos investigadores independientes. Se seleccionaron 146 estudios procedentes de investigaciones realizadas en 42 países diferentes. Las afecciones cardiovasculares más abordadas fueron la insuficiencia cardíaca, el infarto agudo de miocardio y la enfermedad arterial coronaria. Entre las categorías identificadas de conocimientos esenciales se destacan: el automonitoreo del estado de salud; la comprensión sobre la RCV y la propia enfermedad; el ejercicio físico supervisado y no supervisado; la alimentación saludable; y la comprensión de la necesidad de apoyo familiar, social y profesional. La información recopilada podrá servir de base para el desarrollo de tecnologías educativas o de estrategias clínicas dirigidas a promover el autocuidado en la RCV desde la perspectiva de la Enfermería.
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