Depresión, ansiedad y estrés: panorama de la salud mental en estudiantes universitarios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202650e18382025EPalabras clave:
Depresión, Ansiedad, Estrés Psicológico, Estudiantes Universitarios, Salud MentalResumen
La etapa universitaria implica demandas académicas y psicosociales que pueden afectar el equilibrio emocional del estudiantado y su continuidad académica. En este contexto, la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés son problemas frecuentes que requieren vigilancia institucional. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios peruanos e identificar su asociación con el sexo, la edad y la condición laboral. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, no experimental y transversal con 381 estudiantes de ambos sexos. Para evaluar las variables se aplicó la Escala DASS-21, con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. Se analizaron asociaciones mediante la prueba Chi-Cuadrado y el coeficiente V de Cramer, así como correlaciones entre las tres variables con el coeficiente rho de Spearman. Más de la mitad de los estudiantes no mostró síntomas, principalmente en ansiedad (55,1%), seguida de estrés (43,3%) y depresión (40,7%). Predominaron los niveles leves y moderados, mientras que los casos graves fueron poco frecuentes. Se hallaron asociaciones significativas entre depresión con sexo y edad, ansiedad con edad y estrés con sexo y edad (p<0,05). Asimismo, las tres variables presentaron correlaciones positivas y de magnitud fuerte entre sí (p<0,01). Se concluye que la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés presentan una elevada frecuencia entre los estudiantes universitarios, en su mayoría en niveles leves y moderados, aunque persisten casos graves. Estas condiciones se asocian con el sexo y la edad y se relacionan entre sí, lo que resalta la necesidad de acciones preventivas en el ámbito universitario.
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