Liberación de níquel y cromo de brackets metálicos utilizados para tratamiento de ortodoncia: estudio in vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202549e17532025EPalabras clave:
Brackets Metálicos, Ion Níquel, Ion Cromo, Flúor, pH SalivalResumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la liberación de iones níquel (Ni) y cromo (Cr) de brackets metálicos convencionales de diferentes marcas comerciales sometidos a saliva artificial con y sin flúor. Se utilizaron 600 brackets metálicos (Morelli®, Orthometric® y Azdent®), distribuidos aleatoriamente en un grupo experimental (saliva artificial con flúor) y un grupo control (saliva artificial sin flúor), ambos mantenidos a pH de 6.5 y a 37 °C durante 28 días. La liberación iónica de Ni y Cr se determinó mediante espectrometría de masas con plasma acoplado inductivamente (ICP-MS). Los datos fueron analizados con las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. Los resultados mostraron que la liberación de iones Ni fue mayor en presencia de flúor en todas las marcas evaluadas, mostrando una tendencia de valores más altos en brackets Azdent® (383,36 µg/L). En cuanto a los iones Cr, brackets Azdent® mostraron una liberación significativamente mayor en saliva con flúor (1,52 µg/L), mientras que en los grupos Morelli® y Orthometric® no se evidenciaron diferencias significativas. Al comparar las tres marcas en saliva artificial con flúor, todas mostraron una mayor liberación iónica, siendo significativa en los brackets Azdent® (p < 0,05). La exposición al flúor incrementa la liberación de Ni y Cr, especialmente en los brackets Azdent®. El material y su acabado influyen en la corrosión, factor clave en la selección clínica ortodóncica.
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