Análisis del rendimiento funcional en individuos recuperados de COVID-19: evaluación mediante la prueba de caminata de seis minutos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202549e17442025PPalabras clave:
COVID-19, Fisioterapia, Prueba de EsfuerzoResumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 trajo desafíos significativos para los sistemas de salud, con la fisioterapia desempeñando un papel crucial en el manejo de pacientes post-infección. Este estudio descriptivo investigó la Prueba de Caminata de Seis Minutos (PC6M) como herramienta de evaluación para monitorizar alteraciones fisiológicas y funcionales en pacientes post-COVID. Realizado en el Ambulatorio de Fisioterapia en Cardiología y Neumología de la Universidad São Francisco, en Bragança Paulista/SP, incluyó a 18 individuos con derivación para rehabilitación pulmonar, con una edad mediana de 47 años (±13,40), masa corporal de 74,50 kg (±20,48) y estatura media de 1,65 m (±0,09). La distancia mediana recorrida en la PC6M fue de 481 metros (±106,20), correspondiendo al 78,9% del valor previsto según las directrices de la American Thoracic Society y la European Respiratory Society, lo que indica una reducción de la tolerancia al ejercicio aeróbico submáximo. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores iniciales y finales de la presión arterial sistólica (p < 0,005), frecuencia cardíaca (p < 0,002), doble producto (p < 0,001) y escala de percepción subjetiva de BORG, tanto respiratoria (p < 0,006) como muscular (p < 0,007). Sin embargo, no se identificaron diferencias en la saturación de oxígeno (p > 0,34) y en la presión arterial diastólica (p > 1,00). Los resultados sugieren que los ajustes cardiovasculares y hemodinámicos ocurrieron de forma fisiológica, reforzando el uso de la PC6M como un instrumento valioso para evaluar la capacidad funcional submáxima y la respuesta fisiológica al ejercicio. La PC6M demostró ser útil en la evaluación de la tolerancia al esfuerzo en individuos post-COVID.
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