Analysis of Factors Influencing the Performance of Community Health Center P2TB Officers in Detecting Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases at Setabelan Community Health Center, Indonesia, and Centro de Saúde Lospalos, Timor-Leste

Abstract

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) control remains a challenge in several regions, including at the Setabelan Community Health Center (Puskesmas), Indonesia, and the Centro de Saúde Lospalos, Timor-Leste. Community Health Center TB Control Program (P2TB) officers play a central role in early case detection, yet the individual, organizational, and structural factors shaping their performance remain insufficiently documented in these settings. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the performance of P2TB officers in detecting pulmonary TB cases at both sites. A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive-analytic design was used, involving all P2TB officers at each site (9 officers per site; total N = 18) selected through total/saturated sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires covering knowledge, training, workload, perception, rewards/compensation, facilities and infrastructure, attitude, and job satisfaction, and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square), and multivariate (multiple linear regression) methods. Multiple linear regression showed that, together, the eight factors examined were significantly associated with officer performance (R² = 0.710; p = 0.001), and that knowledge, training, perception, facilities and infrastructure, attitude, and job satisfaction were each significant partial predictors, while workload and rewards were not. These findings suggest that internal officer-level factors and facility support are closely linked to case-detection performance. Continuous capacity building, regular training, and adequate facility provision may help strengthen TB case detection in high-prevalence settings, although the cross-sectional design and self-reported measures warrant cautious interpretation and limit causal conclusions.