Technoaddiction and insomnia in female secondary school students in Peru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202650e18512025PKeywords:
Technology Addiction, Adolescents, Insomnia, Digital Device Use, Internet Addiction DisorderAbstract
Insomnia is an increasingly prevalent sleep disorder in adolescents, and is progressively associated with the intensive use of digital technologies. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of technoaddiction on insomnia in secondary school students in Peru. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, explanatory design was employed, with a sample of 528 female students aged 12 to 17 years from an educational institution in Tacna, Peru. Two validated instruments were administered: the Technoaddiction Scale and the Athens Insomnia Scale. The results showed that 46.97% of participants presented techno-addiction and 60.61% presented insomnia. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that technoaddiction is significantly associated with overall insomnia (p = 0.002; Exp(B) = 1.768), nocturnal symptoms (p < 0.001; Exp(B) = 1.983), and daytime impact (p < 0.001; Exp(B) = 2.111), but not with awakening problems (p = 0.286). These findings support theories such as the hyperarousal theory and the instant gratification theory, which explain how compulsive use of technological devices affects sleep quality. It is concluded that technoaddiction constitutes an important risk factor for insomnia in adolescents, particularly regarding difficulties initiating sleep and deterioration of daytime functioning. The implementation of preventive strategies in the field of educational psychology is recommended, as well as school policies aimed at regulating technology use during nighttime hours.
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This article is a translation in Português (Brasil) of the article:
Tecnoadicción e insomnio en estudiantes mujeres de educación secundaria del Perú
References
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Dissing AS, Andersen TO, Nørup LN, Clark A, Nejsum M, Rod NH. Daytime and nighttime smartphone use: a study of associations between multidimensional smartphone behaviours and sleep among 24,856 Danish adults. J Sleep Res. 2021;30(6):e13356. doi:10.1111/jsr.13356
Khan A, McLeod G, Hidajat T, Edwards EJ. Excessive smartphone use is associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality of Australian adults. J Med Syst. 2023;47(1):2005. doi:10.1007/s10916-023-02005-3
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Cayo, EET, Chura-Quispe, G, Estrada-Araoz, EG, Mamani-Apaza, WW, Manrique-Jaramillo, YV, De La Cruz, BDL. ¿La nomofobia predice la impulsividad en los estudiantes de educación básica? Una mirada desde la salud mental escolar. Gac Med Caracas. 2025;4(133):1142-1152. doi:10.47307/ GMC.2025.133.4.12
Estrada-Araoz EG, Paredes-Valverde Y, Quispe-Herrera R. Adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes y ansiedad en una muestra de adolescentes peruanos: un estudio correlacional. Gac Med Caracas. 2024;132(4):1051-1060. doi:10.47307/GMC.2024.132.4.16
Macharla NK, Palanichamy C, Thirunarayanan M, Suresh M, Ramachandran AS. Impact of smartphone usage on sleep in adolescents: a clinically oriented review. Cureus. 2025;17(1):e76973. doi:10.7759/cureus.76973
Gull M, Ruth Sravani B. Do screen time and social media use affect sleep patterns, psychological health, and academic performance among adolescents? Evidence from bibliometric analysis. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2024;164:1–9. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107886
Boniel-Nissim M, Tynjälä J, Gobiņa I, Furstova J, van den Eijnden RJJM, Marino C, et al. Adolescent use of social media and associations with sleep patterns across 18 European and North American countries. Sleep Health. 2023; 9(3): 314–321. doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.01.005
Poulain T, Hilbert C, Grundmann A, Kiess W. Associations between media use at bedtime and sleep: a cross-sectional analysis on differences between girls and boys. Front Psychol. 2024;15:1290935. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1290935
Al-Khlaiwi T, Habib SS. Association of excessive mobile phone usage with sleep quality and fatigue severity: an epidemiologic survey in Saudi population. Khyber Med Univ J. 2021;13(2):60–65. doi:10.35845/kmuj.2021.20531
Jahrami H, Rashed M, Alrasheed MM, Bragazzi NL, Saif Z, Alhaj O, et al. Nomophobia is associated with insomnia but not with age, sex, BMI, or mobile phone screen size in young adults. Nat Sci Sleep. 2021;13:1931–1941. doi:10.2147/NSS.S335462
Tkaczyk M, Lacko D, Elavsky S, Tancoš M, Smahel D. Are smartphones detrimental to adolescent sleep? An electronic diary study of evening smartphone use and sleep. Comput Hum Behav. 2023;149:107946. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2023.107946
Armas-Elguera F, Talavera JE, Cárdenas MM, de la Cruz-Vargas JA. Trastornos del sueño y ansiedad de estudiantes de Medicina del primer y último año en Lima, Perú. FEM Rev Fund Educ Med. 2021;24(3):133–138. doi:10.33588/fem.243.1125
Perez-Oyola JC, Walter-Chavez DM, Zila-Velasque JP, Pereira-Victorio CJ, Failoc-Rojas VE, Vera-Ponce VJ, et al. Internet addiction and mental health disorders in high school students in a Peruvian region: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1):48. doi:10.1186/s12888-023-04838-1
Muñoz AOV, Terán DMV, Huaripata EP, Fiorini ERB, Melquiades TU. Adicción a las redes sociales y salud mental en estudiantes de medicina en Perú. Rev Vive. 2024;7(20):475–486. doi:10.33996/revistavive.v7i20.315
Otero-Carrillo F, Picoy-Romero PR, Espinoza-Rojas R, Cruz-Vargas JD. Impacto de la adicción a redes sociales en la salud mental de los estudiantes de medicina humana, en tiempos de COVID-19. Rev Fac Med Hum. 2023;23(4):62–72. doi:10.25176/rfmh.v24i4.6414
Aziz M, Chemnad K, Al-Harahsheh S, Abdelmoneium AO, Baghdady A, Ali R. Depression, stress, and anxiety versus internet addiction in early and middle adolescent groups: the mediating roles of family and school environments. BMC Psychol. 2024;12(1):1659. doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01659-z
Kudubes AA, Efe YS. The predictive power of game addiction and social media addiction on adolescents’ lifestyle. Psychol Sch. 2024;61(3):1000 1017. doi:10.1002/pits.23096
Griffiths M. Gambling on the internet: a brief note. J Gambl Stud. 1996;12(4):471–473. doi:10.1007/BF01539190
Ball-Rokeach SJ, DeFleur ML. A dependency model of mass-media effects. Commun Res. 1976;3(1):3–21. doi:10.1177/009365027600300101
Sutton EL. Insomnia. Ann Intern Med. 2021;174(3):ITC33–48. doi:10.7326/AITC202103160
Bonnet MH, Arand DL. Hyperarousal and insomnia: state of the science. Sleep Med Rev. 2010;14(1):9–15. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.05.002
Cheng J, Peng C, Rong F, Wang Y, Tan Y, Yu Y. Mobile phone addiction and suicide behaviors among Chinese adolescents: the mediation of poor sleep quality. J Behav Addict. 2024;13(1):88–101. doi:10.1556/2006.2023.00078
Lin CY, Potenza MN, Pontes HM, Pakpour AH. Psychometric properties of the Persian Gaming Disorder Test and relationships with psychological distress and insomnia in adolescents. BMC Psychol. 2023;11(1):326. doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01368-z
Chui HB, Pérez KA, Roque EH, Sumari RM, Roque BH. Ansiedad, depresión y uso excesivo de Internet en la calidad de sueño de estudiantes de medicina veterinaria y zootecnia. Rev Investig Vet Perú. 2023;34(3):e25478. doi:10.15381/rivep.v34i3.25478
Bernal C. Metodología de la investigación. Bogotá: Pearson; 2010.
Arias F. El proyecto de investigación: introducción a la metodología científica. Caracas: Episteme; 2012.
Salanova M, Llorens S, Cifre E. The dark side of technologies: technostress among users of information and communication technologies. Int J Psychol. 2013;48(3):422–433. doi:10.1080/00207594.2012.680460
Villavicencio E, Cazares Vargas M. Adaptación y validación de la escala de tecnoadicción del cuestionario RED-Tecnoestrés en una población laboral mexicana. Psicol Iberoam. 2021;29(1):e176. doi:10.48102/pi.v29i1.176
Soldatos CR, Dikeos DG, Paparrigopoulos TJ. Athens Insomnia Scale: validation of an instrument based on ICD-10 criteria. J Psychosom Res. 2000;48(6):555–560. doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00095-7
Lobos-Rivera ME, Flores-Monterrosa AN, Gutiérrez-Quintanilla JR, Flamenco-Cortez M. Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Atenas de Insomnio en una muestra de adultos salvadoreños. Entorno. 2022;1(73):45–56. doi:10.24265/liberabit.2022.v28n2.579
Dissing AS, Andersen TO, Nørup LN, Clark A, Nejsum M, Rod NH. Daytime and nighttime smartphone use: a study of associations between multidimensional smartphone behaviours and sleep among 24,856 Danish adults. J Sleep Res. 2021;30(6):e13356. doi:10.1111/jsr.13356
Khan A, McLeod G, Hidajat T, Edwards EJ. Excessive smartphone use is associated with depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep quality of Australian adults. J Med Syst. 2023;47(1):2005. doi:10.1007/s10916-023-02005-3
Chura-Quispe G, Román Bullon YSN, Estrada-Araoz EG, Pujaico-Espino JR, Mamani-Velasquez DE. Phubbing and feelings of loneliness: A study with future health professionals. Educ Proc International J. 2025;15(1). doi:10.22521/edupij.2025.15.182
Cayo, EET, Chura-Quispe, G, Estrada-Araoz, EG, Mamani-Apaza, WW, Manrique-Jaramillo, YV, De La Cruz, BDL. ¿La nomofobia predice la impulsividad en los estudiantes de educación básica? Una mirada desde la salud mental escolar. Gac Med Caracas. 2025;4(133):1142-1152. doi:10.47307/ GMC.2025.133.4.12
Published
2026-05-26
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Inca-Avendaño, K. Y., Chura-Quispe, G., Estrada-Araoz, E. G., & de La Cruz, B. D. L. (2026). Technoaddiction and insomnia in female secondary school students in Peru. O Mundo Da Saúde, 50. https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202650e18512025P
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