El cuidado de la salud mental de los trabajadores de la salud: un análisis de la producción de conocimiento mediante una revisión de alcance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202650e18002025IPalabras clave:
Revisión, Profesional de la Salud, Salud del Trabajador, Salud Mental, DesastresResumen
A escala global, los estudios han prestado considerable atención a los aspectos psicosociales del trabajo y a la forma en que estos impactan en los trabajadores de la salud de los distintos niveles de atención, con resultados que indican la necesidad de mejorar las condiciones generales de trabajo y de proporcionar apoyo social a los profesionales de la salud, además de alertar sobre la paradoja del deterioro de la salud en profesionales cuyo objetivo laboral es el cuidado de sí mismos y de los demás. El artículo fue motivado por las demandas psíquicas enfrentadas por estos profesionales, incluyendo largas e intensas jornadas laborales, desvalorización profesional, conflictos interpersonales y sobrecarga emocional derivada del cuidado de pacientes, con el objetivo de analizar acciones y estrategias de promoción, prevención, detección y atención en salud mental entre los profesionales de la salud. Se trata de una revisión de alcance sobre la salud mental de los profesionales de la salud, con énfasis en la promoción, prevención, detección y atención, mediante la identificación y presentación de los datos disponibles en la literatura nacional e internacional. Se empleó el método del Joanna Briggs Institute, encontrándose 1211 artículos, de los cuales 157 fueron incluidos, en el período de 2007 a 2022. Considerando la totalidad de los artículos, 94 estudios identificaron la necesidad de intervenciones en salud mental y/o física en los profesionales de la salud, de los cuales 60 (63,83%) se desarrollaron en contextos de desastres y catástrofes. La baja proporción de artículos con enfoque interventivo (14,28%) resulta preocupante, especialmente si se considera la evidencia que demuestra el temor de los trabajadores de la salud a buscar ayuda en salud mental dentro del entorno laboral. Se destaca la importancia de implementar intervenciones durante pandemias, incluyendo apoyo, acogida y el uso de tecnologías. Se concluye que existe una escasez de estudios previos a 2020 y de investigaciones de intervención orientadas a comprender y enfrentar los impactos en la salud mental, el bienestar y la calidad de vida de los profesionales de la salud. Asimismo, se reconoce que el uso de tecnologías de la información adquiere un papel central y relevante tanto para futuras investigaciones como para orientar acciones en la gestión en salud.
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Este artículo es una traducción en English del artículo:
O cuidado com a saúde mental de trabalhadores da saúde: uma análise da produção de conhecimento por meio de uma revisão de escopo
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Mattos AIS, Araújo TMD, Almeida MMGD. Interação entre demanda-controle e apoio social na ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns. Rev Saude Publica. 2017;51:48.
Guizardi FL, Cavalcanti FOL. O conceito de cogestão em saúde: reflexões sobre a produção de democracia institucional. Physis (Rio J). 2010;20(4):1245 65.
Sá MC, Azevedo CS. Subjetividade e gestão: explorando as articulações psicossociais no trabalho gerencial e no trabalho em saúde. Ciênc Saúde Colet. 2010;15(5):2345-54.
Imbrizi JM, Aguiar FBT, Fajardo A, Hirato JHB, Kawagoe K, Miyaura AK. Condições de trabalho na Estratégia de Saúde da Família: relato de experiência de extensão universitária com agentes comunitários de saúde. Cad Psicol Soc Trab. 2012;15(1):153-69.
Leal RMAC, Bandeira MB, Azevedo KRN. Avaliação da qualidade de um serviço de saúde mental na perspectiva do trabalhador: satisfação, sobrecarga e condições de trabalho dos profissionais. Psicol Teor Prat. 2012;14(1):15-25.
Miranda FMD, Santana LL, Pizzolato AC, Saquis LMM. Condições de trabalho e o impacto na saúde dos profissionais de enfermagem frente à COVID-19. Cogitare Enferm. 2020;25:e72702.
Hirata H. Globalização, trabalho e gênero. Rev Polit Publicas. 2005;9(1):111-128.
Teixeira CFS, Soares CM, Souza EA, Lisboa ES, Pinto ICM, Andrade L, et al. A saúde dos profissionais de saúde no enfrentamento da pandemia de Covid-19. Cien Saude Colet. 2020;25(9):3466-3474. doi:10.1590/1413-81232020259.19562020.
Chigwedere OC, Sadath A, Kabir Z, Arensman E. The impact of epidemics and pandemics on the mental health of healthcare workers: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(13):6695. doi:10.3390/ijerph18136695.
Nações Unidas. Marco de Sendai para a redução do risco de desastres 2015-2030. Geneva: UNDRR; 2015.
Vizheh M, Qorbani M, Arzaghi SM, Muhidin S, Javanmard Z, Esmaeili M. The mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2020;19(2):1967-1978. doi:10.1007/s40200-020-00643-9.
Ceccim RB, Feuerwerker LCM. O quadrilátero da formação para a área da saúde: ensino, gestão, atenção e controle social. Physis. 2004;14(1):41-65. doi:10.1590/S0103-73312004000100004.
Marengo LL, Kozyreff AM, Moraes FS, Maricato LLG, Barberato-Filho S. Tecnologias móveis em saúde: reflexões sobre desenvolvimento, aplicações, legislação e ética. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2022;46:e37. doi:10.26633/RPSP.2022.37.
Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Soares CB, Khalil H, Parker D. Chapter 11: Scoping reviews. In: Aromataris E, Munn Z, editors. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. Adelaide: JBI; 2017.
Gil, AC. Como Elaborar Projetos de Pesquisa. 4. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2002.
Fernandes AJNL, Fassina F, Allegretti M, Barbosa Neto JB, Martini LC. Estratégias de promoção, prevenção, rastreio e cuidado em saúde mental entre profissionais de saúde: um protocolo de revisão de escopo. 2022.
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2026-03-27
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Fernandes, A. J. N. L., Martini, L. C., Fassina, F. C. L., da Cruz, M. G., Rodrigues, R. C. P., Barbosa, M. M. A., & Neto, J. B. B. (2026). El cuidado de la salud mental de los trabajadores de la salud: un análisis de la producción de conocimiento mediante una revisión de alcance. O Mundo Da Saúde, 50. https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202650e18002025I
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