Evaluación del perfil clínico y nutricional de adolescentes con dismenorrea primaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202448e16012024PPalabras clave:
Nutrición del Adolescente, Manejo del Dolor, Ciclo Menstrual, Dismenorrea, Dolor PélvicoResumen
El dolor pélvico en adolescentes, especialmente durante el período menstrual, a menudo se subestima como un problema de salud y afecta significativamente la calidad de vida. El objetivo fue evaluar el perfil clínico y nutricional de adolescentes con dismenorrea. Se seleccionaron 40 adolescentes, con edades entre 11 y 19 años, atendidas en una clínica escuela de São Paulo, así como mediante la técnica de bola de nieve. Se evaluó el dolor pélvico mediante un cuestionario validado de escala de dolor y el consumo alimentario mediante un recordatorio alimentario de 24 horas y un Cuestionario de Frecuencia Alimentaria. Todas las participantes tenían una estatura adecuada para la edad y el 72.5% estaban eutróficas. Treinta y cinco pacientes (87.5%) presentaron dolor moderado a intenso, mientras que cinco (12.5%) tenían dolor leve o inexistente. La práctica de actividad física resultó ser menos común entre el grupo con dolor moderado a intenso (34.3%). No hubo diferencias significativas en la duración de los ciclos menstruales entre los grupos. Se observó una menor ingesta de calcio en el grupo con dolor menstrual de mayor intensidad. Además, se notó un menor consumo de alimentos 'in natura' y 'procesados' en el grupo con dolor moderado a intenso durante las comidas de almuerzo y cena, respectivamente. Se identificó una correlación negativa entre el consumo de calcio y folato y la duración del dolor en días. La muestra estudiada sugiere que una dieta equilibrada, rica en calcio, folato y alimentos naturales, puede ser importante en el manejo de la dismenorrea. Sin embargo, se necesitan más investigaciones para comprender plenamente esta relación y desarrollar intervenciones efectivas para el tratamiento de esta condición común entre adolescentes.
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