Microbiological Contamination of In-Store Lipstick Testers Available to the Consumer
DOI: 10.15343/0104-7809.202044261268
Keywords:
Fungi. Microbial contamination. Preservatives. Quality control. Staphylococci.×Abstract
The microbiological contamination of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products represents a public health problem because
it can cause infections. Before purchasing a particular cosmetic, many consumers test it on their own skin, increasing
the susceptibility to microbiological contaminations. We hypothesize that these lipstick testers available to pharmacy
consumers represent a potential source of microbiological contamination. This study analyzed the microbiological
quality of 30 lipstick samples, randomly collected, from different manufacturers, available to the consumers for trials
in pharmacies in southern Brazil (fifteen samples were collected in Casca, five in Ciríaco and ten in Passo Fundo). The
microbiological quality of the lipsticks was evaluated by: total count of viable bacteria and mold and yeast, and presence
of pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was verified that amounts ranged from 1.0 x 10¹ to
1.9 x 105 CFU/g of viable bacteria and from 1.0 x 10¹ to 7.3 x 10³ CFU/g of molds and yeasts on the lipsticks. 54.33%
and 40% of the samples were disapproved by the total count of viable bacteria and molds and yeasts, respectively. S.
aureus, Aspergillus sp. and Cladosporium sp. were also found. Although the waxy composition of the lipsticks hinders
microbial contamination this research reveals a large number of microorganisms. Our hypothesis that the lipsticks have
a high microbiological load was confirmed. Opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms can become infectious agents in
patients with compromised immune systems. The use of disposable applicators is proposed as an alternative way to avoid
microbiological contamination of the cosmetic products.
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References
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Diário Oficial da União. Brasília; 2010. 546 p. Available from: http://www.anvisa.gov.br/hotsite/cd_farmacopeia/pdf/volume1.pdf
20. Onurdağ FK, Özgen S, Duygu A. Microbiological investigation of used cosmetic camples. Hacettepe Univ J Fac Pharm. 2010;30(1):1–16.
21. Tran TT, Hitchins AD. Microbial survey of shared-use cosmetic test kits available to the public. J Ind Microbiol. 1994;13(6):389–91.
22. Dawson NL, Reinhardt DJ. Microbial flora of in-use, display eye shadow testers and bacterial challenges of unused eye shadows. Appl
Environ Microbiol. 1981;42(2):297–302.
23. El-Bazza EZ, El-Tablawy SY, Hashem AE, Nasser HH. Evaluation of the Microbial Contamination of some Eye-make up Products before
and after Use. Biohealth Sci Bull. 2009;1(2):68–75.
24. Siya K, Thomas J, Kumar RBV, Saji AM, Iype AK, Akhil S. Lipsticks: The Microbial Cellar: An Original Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct.
2019;7(4):194–197.
25. Brasil. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada - RDC no 481 de 1999. Estabelece os
parâmetros de controle microbiológico para os produtos de higiene pessoal, cosméticos e perfumes. Ministério da Saúde. [Internet]. 1999
[cited 2017 Jul 2]. Available from: www.anvisa.gov.br
26. Sawant SS, Kelkar-Mane V. Study of bacterial contaminants in local as well as branded lipsticks before and after consumer use. Int J
Recent Adv Multidiscip Res [Internet]. 2015;2(1):149–54. Available from: http://www.ijramr.com/sites/default/files/issues-pdf/089.pdf
27. Hussein H., Brasel J. Toxicity, metabolism and impact of mycotoxins on human and animals. Toxicology. 2001;167:101–134.
28. Pitt JI. Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Br Med Bull. 2000;56(1):184–92.
29. Larone HD. Medically important fungi: A guide to identification. 2nd ed. Washington DC: ASM Press; 1995.
30. Grinn-Gofroń A, Rapiejko P. Occurrence of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. spores in Western, Northern and Central-Eastern
Poland in 2004-2006 and relation to some meteorological factors. Atmos Res. 2009;93(4):747–58.
31. Pinto FCJ, Lima DB De, Agustini BC, Dallagassa CB, Shimabukuro MF, Chimelli M, et al. Morphological and Molecular Identification of
Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Cosmetic Powders. Brazilian Arch Biol Technol. 2012;55(December):897–901.
os requisitos técnicos para a regularização de produtos de higiene pessoal, cosméticos e perfumes e dá outras providências [Internet]. 2015
[cited 2018 Mar 3]. Available from: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/10181/2867685/%283%29RDC_07_2015_COMP.pdf/b6bca3b2-
454d-4b05-8749-2a264b096bc8
2. ABIHPEC. Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Higiene Pessoal, Perfurmaria e Cosméticos. Anuário. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jul 7].
Available from: https://abihpec.org.br/anuario-2019/mobile/index.html#p=8
3. Brasil. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada - RDC no 48 de 2013. Aprova o Regulamento
Técnico de Boas Práticas de Fabricação para Produtos de Higiene Pessoal, Cosméticos e Perfumes, e dá outras providências. Ministé
[Internet]. 2013 [cited 2017 Jul 7]. Available from: www.anvisa.gov.br
4. Brasil. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Guia para Avaliação de Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos Guia para Avaliação
de Segurança de Produtos Cosméticos. Ministério da Saúde. [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2017 Jul 1]. Available from: www.anvisa.gov.br
5. Brasil. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada - RDC no 332 de 2005. Determina que
as empresas fabricantes e/ou importadoras de Produtos de Higiene Pessoal, Cosméticos e Perfumes, instaladas no Território Nacional deve
[Internet]. 2005 [cited 2017 Jul 2]. Available from: www.anvisa.gov.br
6. Vigan M, Castelain F. Cosmetovigilance: definition, regulation and use “in practice.” Eur J Dermatology. 2014;24(6):643–9.
7. Smart R, Spooner DF. Microbiological spoilage in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. J Soc Cosmet Chem Soc Cosmet Chem Gt Britain.
1972;23:721–37.
8. Álvarez-Lerma F, Maull E, Terradas R, Segura C, Planells I, Coll P, et al. Moisturizing body milk as a reservoir of Burkholderia cepacia:
Outbreak of nosocomial infection in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2008;12(1):1–6.
9. Kutty PK, Moody B, Gullion JS, Zervos M, Ajluni M, Washburn R, et al. Multistate outbreak of Burkholderia cenocepacia colonization and
infection associated with the use of intrinsically contaminated alcohol-free mouthwash. Chest [Internet]. 2007;132(6):1825–31. Available
from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-1545
10. Matrician L, Ange G, Burns S, Fanning WL, Kioski C, Cage GD, et al. Outbreak of Nosocomial Burkholderia cepacia Infection and
Colonization Associated With Intrinsically Contaminated Mouthwash . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21(11):739–41.
11. Molina-Cabrillana J, Bolaños-Rivero M, Alvarez-León EE, Sánchez AMM, Sánchez-Palacios M, Alvarez D, et al. Intrinsically Contaminated
Alcohol-Free Mouthwash Implicated in a Nosocomial Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia Colonization and Infection . Infect Control Hosp
Epidemiol. 2006;27(11):1281–2.
12. Lundov MD, Moesby L, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Contamination versus preservation of cosmetics: A review on legislation, usage,
infections, and contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis. 2009;60(2):70–8.
13. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. ANVISA. RDC RESOLUÇÃO - RDC No 4, DE 30 DE JANEIRO DE 2014 Dispõe sobre os requisitos técnicos
para a regularização de produtos de higiene pessoal, cosméticos e perfumes e dá outras providências. [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2019 May 3].
Available from: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/anvisa/2014/rdc0004_30_01_2014.html
14. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde-MS, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA. Farmacopeia Brasileira, ediição [Internet]. 2019;1. Available from: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/
15. Pinto TJA, Kaneko TM, Pinto AF. Controle Biológico de Qualidade de Produtos Farmacêuticos, correlatos e cosméticos. 4th ed. Barueri:
Manole; 2015.
16. Koneman EW, Allen SD, Janda WM. Diagnóstico Microbiológico: texto e atlas colorido. 6th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan;
2008.
17. Fisher F, Cook BN. Micologia Fundamentos e Diagnostico. São Paulo: Revinter; 2001.
18. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA, Filho JP de A, Barros-Mazon S de. Microbiologia Médica. 8th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2017.
19. Brasil. Ministério das Saúde. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Farmacopéia Brasileira [Internet]. 5th ed. Anvisa, editor. Vol. 1,
Diário Oficial da União. Brasília; 2010. 546 p. Available from: http://www.anvisa.gov.br/hotsite/cd_farmacopeia/pdf/volume1.pdf
20. Onurdağ FK, Özgen S, Duygu A. Microbiological investigation of used cosmetic camples. Hacettepe Univ J Fac Pharm. 2010;30(1):1–16.
21. Tran TT, Hitchins AD. Microbial survey of shared-use cosmetic test kits available to the public. J Ind Microbiol. 1994;13(6):389–91.
22. Dawson NL, Reinhardt DJ. Microbial flora of in-use, display eye shadow testers and bacterial challenges of unused eye shadows. Appl
Environ Microbiol. 1981;42(2):297–302.
23. El-Bazza EZ, El-Tablawy SY, Hashem AE, Nasser HH. Evaluation of the Microbial Contamination of some Eye-make up Products before
and after Use. Biohealth Sci Bull. 2009;1(2):68–75.
24. Siya K, Thomas J, Kumar RBV, Saji AM, Iype AK, Akhil S. Lipsticks: The Microbial Cellar: An Original Study. J Microsc Ultrastruct.
2019;7(4):194–197.
25. Brasil. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada - RDC no 481 de 1999. Estabelece os
parâmetros de controle microbiológico para os produtos de higiene pessoal, cosméticos e perfumes. Ministério da Saúde. [Internet]. 1999
[cited 2017 Jul 2]. Available from: www.anvisa.gov.br
26. Sawant SS, Kelkar-Mane V. Study of bacterial contaminants in local as well as branded lipsticks before and after consumer use. Int J
Recent Adv Multidiscip Res [Internet]. 2015;2(1):149–54. Available from: http://www.ijramr.com/sites/default/files/issues-pdf/089.pdf
27. Hussein H., Brasel J. Toxicity, metabolism and impact of mycotoxins on human and animals. Toxicology. 2001;167:101–134.
28. Pitt JI. Toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Br Med Bull. 2000;56(1):184–92.
29. Larone HD. Medically important fungi: A guide to identification. 2nd ed. Washington DC: ASM Press; 1995.
30. Grinn-Gofroń A, Rapiejko P. Occurrence of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. spores in Western, Northern and Central-Eastern
Poland in 2004-2006 and relation to some meteorological factors. Atmos Res. 2009;93(4):747–58.
31. Pinto FCJ, Lima DB De, Agustini BC, Dallagassa CB, Shimabukuro MF, Chimelli M, et al. Morphological and Molecular Identification of
Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Cosmetic Powders. Brazilian Arch Biol Technol. 2012;55(December):897–901.
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Published
2020-04-01
How to Cite
Vassoler, M. ., Tonial, F. ., Cristina Fagundes, S. ., Alana Fagundes, M. ., Bernarda Zortéa, N. ., Grazziotin Rossato-Grando, L. ., & Dallazem Bertol, C. . (2020). Microbiological Contamination of In-Store Lipstick Testers Available to the Consumer: DOI: 10.15343/0104-7809.202044261268. O Mundo Da Saúde, 44, 261–268. Retrieved from https://revistamundodasaude.emnuvens.com.br/mundodasaude/article/view/952
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