The COVID-19 Pandemic and Health Inequities in the State of Sergipe
10.15343/0104-7809.202246301310
Keywords:
COVID-19. Health Inequity. RT-PCR test for COVID-19.Abstract
This study analyzes the association of incidence and mortality rates by COVID-19 in the municipalities of the state of Sergipe, Brazil with indicators of social vulnerability and human development used in the country, as well as with the rate of RT-PCR exams for the diagnosis of the disease performed by each municipality. This is an ecological study of COVID-19 cases and deaths accumulated from March 2020 to March 2021, which occurred in the State of Sergipe by municipality; and its correlation with the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), and number of RT-PCR tests performed to diagnose the disease, using Spearman's correlation (ρ). Contrary to our hypotheses and the scientific literature, municipalities with higher rates of social vulnerability and lower human development had fewer cases of the disease and deaths per inhabitant, while testing less for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The study points to inequity as a factor to be overcome in the face of the pandemic, as it impairs a proper diagnosis of the scenario closer to reality, compromising the planning and implementation of collective health measures.
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28. Carvalho MS, Souza-Santos R. Analise de dados em saúde pública: métodos, problemas e perspectivas. Cad Saúde Pública. 2005;21(2):361-378. Accessed May 30, 2022. https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/ HJ3R3BCkPCbCsk9YTgKqRWN/?format=pdf&lang=pt
2. Cavalcante JR, Abreu A de JL de. COVID-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro: análise espacial da ocorrência dos primeiros casos e óbitos confirmados. Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil. 2020;29(3):e2020204. doi:10.5123/S1679-49742020000300007
3. Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Sergipe. Governo de Sergipe confirma primeiro caso de coronavírus. Published 2020. Accessed March 26, 2021. https://www.saude.se.gov.br/governo-de-sergipe-confirma-primeiro-caso-de-coronavirus/
4. Brewer LPC, Woods C, Patel A, et al. Establishing a SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Drive-Through Collection Site: A Community- Based Participatory Research Partnership With a Federally Qualified Health Center. Am J Public Health. 2021;111(4):658-662. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.306097
5. Zangeneh M, Moradi N, Zarei L, Rezapour A, Lankarani KB. COVID-19: The challenge of disadvantaged groups and their access to care. Archives of Iranian Medicine. 2020;23(9):647-648. doi:10.34172/aim.2020.79
6. Bambra C, Riordan R, Ford J, Matthews F. The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2020;74(11):964-968. doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214401
7. Pochmann M, Caetano LC da S. Concentração espacial da produção e desigualdades sociais. Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais. 2020;22:1-25.
8. Ribeiro CJN, Dos Santos AD, Lima SVMA, et al. Space-time risk cluster of visceral leishmaniasis in brazilian endemic region with high social vulnerability: An ecological time series study. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2021;15(1):1-20. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009006
9. Andrade CB, Santos AJ da R, Cruz F dos SL, et al. Vulnerabilidade social no estado de Sergipe. In: Marguti BO, Costa MA, Pinto CV da S, eds. Territórios Em Números: Insumos Para Políticas Públicas a Partir Da Análise Do IDHM e Do IVS de Municípios e Unidades Da Federação Brasileira. 1st ed. IPEA/INCT; 2017:65-109.
10. Instituto de Pesquisa Economica Aplicada – IPEA. Atlas Da Vulnerabilidade Social Dos Municípios Brasileiros. Vol 53. (Costa MA, Maguti BO, eds.). IPEA; 2015. http://ivs.ipea.gov.br/images/publicacoes/Ivs/publicacao_atlas_ivs.pdf
11. Granja GF, Zoboli ELCP, Fracolli LA. O discurso dos gestores sobre a equidade: um desafio para o SUS. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva. 2012;18(12):3759-3764. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232013001200032
12. Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento. Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal Brasileiro. PNUD Brasi.; 2013.
13. Oladipo EK, Ajayi AF, Odeyemi AN, et al. Laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 in Africa: availability, challenges and implications. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics. 2020;14(4):153-160. doi:10.5582/ddt.2020.03067
14. Vieira S. Medidas de Associação e de Correlação. In: Vieira S, ed. Bioestatística - Tópicos Avançados. Vol 1. 3rd ed. Elsevier; 2010:169-197.
15. Martins-Filho PR, Quintans-Júnior LJ, de Souza Araújo AA, et al. Socio-economic inequalities and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Brazilian children: a nationwide register-based study. Public Health. 2021;190(September 2020):4-6. doi:10.1016/j. puhe.2020.11.005
16. Hawkins RB, Charles EJ, Mehaffey JH. Socio-economic status and COVID-19erelated cases and fatalities. Public Health. 2020;189(January):129-134. doi:10.1016 / j.puhe.2020.09.016
17. Maciel JAC, Castro-Silva II, de Farias MR. Initial analysis of the spatial correlation between the incidence of covid-19 and human development in the municipalities of the state of ceará in brazil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2020;23:1-17. doi:10.1590/1980-549720200057
18. Chen JT, Krieger N. Revealing the unequal burden of COVID-19 by income, race/ethnicity, and household crowding: US county versus zip code analyses. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice. 2021;27:S46-S56. doi:10.1097/ PHH.0000000000001263
19. Catalan Agency for Health Quality and Assessment (AQuAS). Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 interactive map. http://aquas. gencat.cat/.content/IntegradorServeis/mapa_covid/atlas.html.
20. Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre. Report on COVID-19 in Critical Care 17 April 2020.; 2020.
21. Castro MC, Kim S, Barberia L, et al. Spatiotemporal pattern of COVID-19 spread in Brazil. Science (1979). 2021;1558(April):6. doi:10.1126/science.abh1558
22. Kameda K, Barbeitas MM, Caetano R, et al. Testing COVID-19 in Brazil: Fragmented efforts and challenges to expand diagnostic capacity at the Brazilian Unified National Health System. Cadernos de Saude Publica. 2021;37(3). doi:10.1590/0102- 311X00277420
23. Maciel JAC, Castro-Silva II, de Farias MR. Initial analysis of the spatial correlation between the incidence of covid-19 and human development in the municipalities of the state of ceará in brazil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2020;23:1-17. doi:10.1590/1980-549720200057
24. Booth A, Reed AB, Ponzo S, et al. Population risk factors for severe disease and mortality in COVID-19: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(3 March). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247461
25. Parohan M, Yaghoubi S, Seraji A, Javanbakht MH, Sarraf P, Djalali M. Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging Male. 2021;23(5):1416-1424. doi:10.1080/13685538.2020.1774748
26. Ximenes RA de A, de Albuquerque M de FPM, Martelli CMT, et al. Covid-19 in the northeast of brazil: From lockdown to the relaxation of social distancing measures. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva. 2021;26(4):1441-1456. doi:10.1590/1413- 81232021264.39422020
27. Mena GE, Martinez PP, Mahmud AS, Marquet PA, Buckee CO, Santillana M. Socioeconomic status determines COVID-19 incidence and related mortality in Santiago, Chile. Science (1979). 2021;372(6545). doi:10.1126/science.abg5298
28. Carvalho MS, Souza-Santos R. Analise de dados em saúde pública: métodos, problemas e perspectivas. Cad Saúde Pública. 2005;21(2):361-378. Accessed May 30, 2022. https://www.scielo.br/j/csp/a/ HJ3R3BCkPCbCsk9YTgKqRWN/?format=pdf&lang=pt
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Published
2022-08-31
How to Cite
Batista Cavalcante Filho, J., Meneses de Oliveira, R., Dasaev Oliveira Chagas, R., de Oliveira Góes, M. A., da Silva Peixoto, M. V., & Prado Nunes, M. A. (2022). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Health Inequities in the State of Sergipe: 10.15343/0104-7809.202246301310. O Mundo Da Saúde, 46, 301–310. Retrieved from https://revistamundodasaude.emnuvens.com.br/mundodasaude/article/view/1398
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