O jornal O Mundo da Saúde é uma publicação trimestral de divulgação científica do Centro Universitário São Camilo , sob a responsabilidade do seu Editor-Chefe, bem como o apoio do seu Editor Científico, Associado Editorial e Conselho Editorial, composto por conceituados representantes nacionais e pesquisadores estrangeiros. A revista tem como foco a divulgação de estudos e pesquisas na área da saúde e demais áreas de pesquisa a ela vinculadas. O objetivo é possibilitar um exercício crítico e reflexivo a fim de aprofundar a compreensão de questões pertinentes e relevantes que contribuem para o alcance da saúde integral do ser humano e para a criação de perspectivas inovadoras e comprometidas. A revista é especializada em diversas áreas interdisciplinares da saúde, com ênfase em Medicina, Saúde Pública, Enfermagem , Nutrição, Fonoaudiologia, Informática, Psicologia, Saúde Ambiental, Tecnologia em Radiologia, Terapia Ocupacional, entre outras. Recebemos manuscritos nos seguintes idiomas: português, espanhol e inglês. Os artigos submetidos em português são traduzidos pela nossa revista para o inglês e publicados nos dois idiomas. Para artigos submetidos em inglês, há tradução para o português. E para os em espanhol, traduzimos para o português e inglês.
Benchmarking the quality of antenatal care services in public health services in Timor-Leste and the Setabelan Community Health Center, Surakarta City, Indonesia, based on the Juran Trilogy
The achievement of the fourth antenatal visit (K4) in public health services in Timor-Leste remains low. One factor that may contribute to achieving the fourth visit target is quality management. Therefore, this research aims to provide recommendations for improving the quality of antenatal care services using the Juran Trilogy. A descriptive and cross-sectional observational approach was employed. There were 17 respondents in this study, consisting of 15 midwives and 2 Maternal and Child Health coordinators. Based on the data obtained, the implementation of quality planning, quality control and quality improvement was positive. However, there is a lack of implementation of customer knowledge and customer expectation surveys, which prevents the identification and fulfillment of customer needs. Furthermore, in quality control, there are deficiencies in the implementation of customers as service assessors, making it difficult to measure satisfaction. In terms quality improvement, there is no quality improvement team, which limits the optimal implementation of service enhancements. It is therefore recommended that public health services in Timor-Leste conduct customer knowledge, expectation, and satisfaction surveys, and establish a quality improvement team to increase the achievement of the fourth antenatal visit (K4) rate.
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Needs and access to health services by people in post-COVID-19 Condition in Brazil: a qualitative study
Post-COVID-19 condition involves persistent symptoms that impact quality of life and require ongoing care. This study aimed to identify the health needs and health care services used by individuals in post-COVID-19 condition, as well as to describe the costs borne by the users. This is a qualitative study conducted at the post-COVID outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ten families participated, comprising ten individuals in post-COVID-19 condition and ten family members, totaling twenty participants. The sample was intentional, and data collection took place between March and August 2022 through semi-structured interviews. Data were organized using the IRAMUTEQ software and analyzed through content analysis. Individuals in post-COVID-19 condition presented health needs that made them dependent on family care and required multidisciplinary care. They accessed different services within the SUS care network, as well as private services paid for out-of-pocket, such as medical consultations, physical therapy, tests, and medication purchases. People in post-COVID-19 condition require continuous care, both in primary and specialized care, with a multidisciplinary team for rehabilitation, prevention of functional dependency progression, and new complications.
Epidemiological profile, risk factors, and types of treatment in patients who died from gastric carcinoma
Gastric cancer is a global health concern. In 2020, it ranked sixth in global incidence, with over one million new cases, and held the seventh highest mortality rate. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological profile, clinical presentation, and treatments applied to patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who subsequently died. This is a retrospective study based on medical records, histological, and anatomopathological reports. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for data analysis. Results showed a predominance of male patients (65.2%), with a mean age of 61.6 years (SD = 12.68), White race/skin color (91.3%), family farmers (37.7%), smokers (66%), histological type adenocarcinoma (94.2%), poorly differentiated histological grade (43.5%), and locally advanced disease (65.2%). It is concluded that the epidemiological profile of deceased patients included White male family farmers and smokers who presented symptoms such as weight loss, loss of appetite, and asthenia associated with death.
Mental health aspects and the doctor-patient relationship do matter in the management of refractory chronic pain
Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is among the clinical conditions that most challenge curative medicine due to its high therapeutic failure rates. In many cases, pain management teams are unable to identify a clear organic cause for the pain condition; in others, an etiological factor is found that can be attributed to the condition, but it is recognized, either promptly or after some years, that this organic substrate is insufficient to sustain the patient’s suffering for such a prolonged period; finally, there are cases in which the presumed organic cause of pain is corrected, yet the patient does not improve or does not improve as expected. The aim of this paper is to present a literature review on mental health aspects and the doctor-patient relationship involved in the management of patients with refractory CNCP. A systematic search and literature review methodology was employed, using the descriptors intractable pain, pain management, medical history, medication review, physician-patient relationship, and mental health evaluation in the Cochrane Central, PubMed, and LILACS databases, with no restrictions regarding study design, language, or publication date. Ten suggestions are presented as a result of the analysis of the included articles and the authors’ experience, some related to the semiological approach and others to the therapeutic follow-up of patients with CNCP. The suggestions presented may be useful in the management of refractory CNCP cases and should preferably be implemented before indicating invasive procedures.
The use of medicinal plants in the supplementary treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with high prevalence, and the use of medicinal plants has emerged as a promising complementary approach for the treatment of this condition. This study aimed to review the efficacy of Aloe vera, Curcuma longa, and Ginkgo biloba in glycemic control and in the reduction of complications associated with DM. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA method, using the descriptors “Aloe vera,” “Curcuma,” “Ginkgo biloba,” and “Diabetes” in databases such as PubMed, BVS, and SciELO. Articles published between 2013 and 2024 were selected, considering only complete experimental and clinical studies that met the inclusion criteria. In total, seven studies were included in the analysis. The results showed that Aloe vera significantly reduced glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and capillary blood glucose, demonstrating efficacy as an adjuvant to metformin treatment. Curcumin combined with piperine exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, also contributing to the reduction of HbA1c and capillary blood glucose. Ginkgo biloba, in turn, presented benefits in capillary blood glucose control and in the prevention of chronic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Although the analyzed herbal medicines demonstrated significant therapeutic potential, the reviewed studies presented methodological limitations, such as small sample sizes and lack of protocol standardization. Despite these limitations, Aloe vera, Curcuma longa, and Ginkgo biloba are promising alternatives for the supplementary management of DM, with potential to reduce associated complications. However, further high-quality studies are required to consolidate their clinical use within well-defined protocols.
Mental health and access to healthcare among vulnerable populations in Brazil
Vulnerable populations, including people experiencing homelessness, LGBTQIAPN+ individuals (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and transvestite, queer, intersex, asexual, pansexual, non-binary, and other gender and sexuality groups and variations), Black people, and Indigenous peoples, are more susceptible to mental disorders and face multiple barriers in accessing healthcare. However, the scientific literature still lacks a study that synthesizes findings on this topic. This work synthesized the relationship between mental health and access to healthcare among vulnerable groups in Brazil. A search was conducted in PubMed, LILACS, and Google Scholar based on the question: “What is the relationship between mental health and access to healthcare in vulnerable populations in Brazil?” A total of 578 records were identified, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. The LGBTQIAPN+ population showed poorer access to healthcare due to financial issues and prejudice. Stigmatization, social discrimination, and lack of resources affected access to mental health services and the quality of care for the homeless population. Race/ethnicity and low educational attainment were the main factors associated with reduced access to depression diagnosis and treatment among Black individuals. Data collected on the topic in the Indigenous population were inconsistent, preventing a conclusive analysis for this group. The implementation of public policies aimed at improving the availability and quality of healthcare services for vulnerable populations is essential to reduce access inequalities in the Brazilian population and mitigate their social and economic impacts.
Records of the indiscriminate prescription of infant formulas in a Baby-Friendly Hospital
Brazil mandates compliance with ten requirements of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) to grant a hospital quality seal in both public and private sectors, certifying the commitment to ensuring the right to breastfeeding. This study aimed to evaluate the procedure for prescribing infant formula to newborns admitted to a Baby-Friendly Hospital in a capital city in Northeast Brazil. This is a retrospective documentary study based on a review of infant formula prescription records at a municipal maternity hospital accredited as a Baby-Friendly Hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. A structured form—mirroring the institution’s official infant formula prescription document—was used to assess recorded information on patient identification, medical reasons for prescription, formula characteristics, and prescriber information. A total of 662 prescriptions issued between August and November 2022 were analyzed. Medical record numbers were present in 71.9% of the prescriptions, but only 24.9% included the newborn’s age. In 42.2% of the cases, no justification was given for the use of artificial formula, compromising the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding during the maternity stay. The prescription of artificial formulas for newborns was deemed to be of low quality due to the lack of adequate justification and improper patient identification, contravening the BFHI guidelines and potentially leading to early weaning. These findings raise concerns about child health outcomes and healthcare management practices within Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS).
Burnout syndrome during the development of pre-professional practices in university students
Burnout is a highly impactful issue among university students. The objective of this study was to compare the dimensions of burnout during the development of pre-professional practices among Secondary Education students at the Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno. The study employed a quantitative approach with a comparative design and included 230 students. To assess burnout syndrome, the MBI instrument, composed of 22 items, was used. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicate significant levels of burnout across the three dimensions analyzed: Emotional Exhaustion (F = 80.154, p < 0.001), Depersonalization (F = 206.161, p < 0.001), and Low Personal Accomplishment (F = 90.848, p < 0.001). The pre-professional practices carried out during semesters V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X are associated with higher emotional exhaustion, increased depersonalization, and a lower sense of personal accomplishment. This phenomenon may be related to the increasing burden of responsibilities and the direct exposure to complex and stressful situations in the work environment, which generate progressive psychological strain. Furthermore, the continuous exposure to emotional demands and pressure to meet professional standards may negatively affect motivation and the sense of accomplishment — key factors for overall well-being.
Characterization of Patagonian Salicornia: nutritional, sensory and microbiological aspects
Halophytic plants offer an alternative for food production by using species adapted to high salinity, such as Salicornia. Salicornia magellanica, in Tierra del Fuego, and Salicornia neei, in the provinces of Chubut and southwestern Buenos Aires, are species widely distributed across the coastal marine intertidal plains and inland saline lagoons of the Patagonian territory. Studies conducted in natural Patagonian environments allowed for the analysis of their spatial distribution, plant productivity, and cultivation methods, both in open fields and in pots for home gardens, using seawater or saline wastewater from the fishing industry. These efforts aim to diversify agricultural production for human consumption and forage for ruminant livestock. This halophytic plant has proven to be a high-quality food, with 60% of its fatty acid content in the form of essential omega-3 and omega-6, a protein content ranging from 6% to 10%, and high levels of complex salts. Its cultivation is viable in both coastal areas and domestic settings with minimal seawater supply. In the studied region, between 70,000 and 100,000 hectares of salt marshes with Salicornia were estimated, with yields ranging from 15 to 40 tons per hectare of fresh product. Moreover, as summer forage, it has been used in mixed pastures with Puccinellia, Suaeda, Agropyron, or Atriplex, for the production of sheep and cattle with low cholesterol levels. Preliminary results from evaluations on the health effects of Salicornia consumption have been promising. Indicators such as an increase in HDL (good cholesterol) showed significant differences between the beginning and end of intake.
Mental health and emotional self-regulation in secondary education teachers
The study aimed to assess the influence of emotional self-regulation on the management of depression, anxiety, and stress among secondary education teachers at the Local Educational Management Unit of Puno. It was a basic, quantitative, descriptive–correlational study with a sample of 150 secondary school teachers, using the Socioemotional Assessment Test and the DASS-21 to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. Pearson’s correlation and a multiple linear regression model were applied. The research revealed a significant negative correlation among the studied variables, highlighting that stress exerts the greatest negative effect on self-regulation. It is concluded that there is indeed a relationship among the variables; moreover, teachers with higher self-regulation skills present lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Data analysis through multiple linear regression showed that nearly half of the variance in the ability to self-regulate emotions can be explained by the variables of the model (R² = 0.457). The results indicate that both anxiety (β = -0.4; p < 0.05) and stress (β = -0.442; p < 0.05) play an important role in predicting how individuals self-regulate their emotions. Conversely, depression, gender, and employment status did not demonstrate a significant influence on emotional self-regulation in this sample. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that anxiety and stress are indeed predictors of emotional self-regulation, whereas depression, gender, and employment status do not show significant influence.
Development of butter fermented with kefir: probiotic properties and sensory acceptance
Kefir is a fermented milk product obtained through gelatinous grains containing probiotic microorganisms, known for millennia worldwide due to its numerous benefits. Fermented foods, such as kefir, have been widely recognized for their health-promoting properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities, as well as their ability to modulate the gut microbiota—factors that contribute to the prevention of chronic diseases and the promotion of overall well-being. The aim of this study was to develop a butter with probiotic properties by fermenting cream with kefir and to evaluate its acceptance. After cream fermentation with kefir, butter was obtained through the churning process. Yield, moisture content, titratable acidity, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count, and yeast count were assessed. Product acceptance was evaluated by sensory analysis using a 9-point hedonic scale and a 5-point purchase intent scale, and results were compared to a commercial butter brand considered as the standard. Sensory analysis was carried out for each butter sample (kefir and standard) on different days. The kefir butter showed higher moisture and acidity levels compared to the standard. The LAB and yeast counts were approximately 10⁷ and 10³ CFU/g, respectively. The kefir butter had good acceptance, achieving an overall score of 7.6 and a purchase intent score of 4.4. The butter obtained from cream fermented with kefir demonstrated good acceptance and a high LAB count, indicating functional and probiotic properties. However, improvements are needed to reduce moisture and acidity, which could enhance both shelf life and consumer acceptance. The use of kefir as a fermenting culture in dairy products, such as butter, represents a promising innovation, allowing the incorporation of viable probiotic microorganisms into diverse food matrices and expanding probiotic consumption options beyond traditional yogurts and fermented beverages.
Identification of the consumption of medications that increase the risk of falls in hospitalized patients
Falls represent a significant public health issue due to their high prevalence and physical, psychological, and social impacts. Medications that affect balance and motor coordination are modifiable risk factors associated with an increased incidence of falls and hospitalizations. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the consumption of medications that potentiate fall risk among hospitalized patients who experienced this event in a general hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, between February 2023 and February 2024. Data from the Patient Safety Center were analyzed regarding medication use, assessed through the Medication Fall Risk Score (MFRS) of ISMP Brazil and the Screening Tool of Older Persons Prescriptions in older adults with high fall risk (STOPPFall). Among patients who experienced falls, 57.1% (n=40) were older adults. A total of 13,448 medication doses were consumed, of which 59% (n=8,436) posed a fall risk according to MFRS and 35% (n=5,012) according to STOPPFall. The most frequently consumed medication classes associated with fall risk were antipsychotics (24.6%), anticonvulsants (14.9%), and opioids (14.6%) according to STOPPFall, and anticoagulants (15.5%), antipsychotics (13.6%), and anticonvulsants (8.2%) according to MFRS. The study demonstrated a high consumption of fall-risk medications, particularly among older adults. These findings underscore the need for preventive measures to mitigate the impact of such medications on the health of hospitalized patients, contributing to a reduction in fall risk.
Prosociality in adolescents: an intervention experience
The present study introduces an intervention conducted with adolescent students from municipal public schools. The intervention involved two groups (n = 20; n = 18) of sixth-grade students. The intervention program was based on the “Core Program” developed by LIPA (Applied Prosocial Research Laboratory) at the Autonomous University of Barcelona and was adapted for this application. Prosociality can be defined as a set of voluntary behaviors intended to benefit others without the expectation of external rewards. These behaviors strengthen social bonds and foster fundamental values for the development of healthy interpersonal relationships. Given the current social and economic conditions, adolescents living in urban centers are immersed in a reality marked by violence and antisocial behaviors. The objective was to observe changes in adolescents’ behaviors following the intervention, measuring the level of prosociality. Twenty 90-minute sessions were conducted weekly, along with three evaluations to identify the participants’ levels of prosociality (baseline, final, and follow-up). The instrument used was the EPA-A (Prosocial Behavior Assessment Scale for Adolescents). An improvement in prosocial behaviors among the adolescents was observed following the intervention, as evidenced by their interactions with peers in the group and with the researcher. In the various dimensions analyzed (Helping, Sharing, Positive Climate, Caring, and Empathy), positive trends were noted when positive and healthy attitudes were encouraged. This indicates that introducing socioemotional interventions in the school environment can lead to both individual and collective changes.
Urban-rural water cycle and environmental health: systemic interrelations and strategies for resilient services in climate change contexts
Case study based on observations carried out at CEGELAH over a 16-year period, promoting research, innovation, and technology transfer aimed at strengthening the planning capacities of small- and medium-scale drinking water services in the province of Entre Ríos. There are four levels of interrelations between the internal and external aspects of water supply systems. The objective is to identify areas of intervention in terms of innovations that can counteract the main vulnerabilities detected at this scale of services in a context of climate change. The first level involves understanding the urban/rural water cycle as a complex system, highlighting the scientific approach provided by General Systems Theory as an interdisciplinary language that enables the parts to be addressed not in isolation, but in interrelation. A second relational level is the expansion of the knowledge base through the participation not only of specialists, but also of key social actors in formulating this systemic understanding of the issues and in grounding the design of consensus-based action strategies. A third level consists of inclusive possibilities for rural sectors as beneficiaries with equal rights to urban users of the water supply. And a fourth relational level concerns the formation of public-private partnerships that progressively shape the water value chain, fostering synergies among the public water service, local governments, the scientific-technological system, suppliers of materials, equipment and services, professionals in the sector, laboratories, etc.
Beaton’s guidelines in cross-cultural adaptation studies in Brazil: a systematic review
This study aimed to evaluate the application of the guidelines proposed by Beaton et al. in Brazil for the cross-cultural adaptation of health instruments into Brazilian Portuguese. A systematic review was conducted of articles published between 2015 and 2022 in the BVS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS databases. Open-access articles that detailed the cross-cultural adaptation process based on the steps proposed by Beaton et al. were included. Review articles, studies published before 2015, or those that did not detail the adaptation steps were excluded. Analysis of the 27 selected articles revealed that only 7 fully followed Beaton et al.’s guidelines. Changes to the steps were common: pre-testing (11 studies), synthesis (7), translation (6), expert committee (5), and back-translation (2). Furthermore, 11 articles combined other methodologies, 10 added steps, 5 excluded steps, and 6 altered the proposed order. It was concluded that the work of Beaton et al. remains a key reference in the literature, and the proposed steps have proven feasible and applicable in Brazilian cross-cultural adaptation studies. However, frequent modifications suggest the need to further study the Brazilian context to understand the possibilities for developing country-specific practical guidelines.
Probiotic supplementation in reducing exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in endurance athletes: an integrative review
Endurance exercise can cause significant disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract, known as “exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome.” These disturbances may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms and affect athletes’ performance and health. This integrative review evaluated the effect of probiotic supplementation in reducing gastrointestinal symptoms associated with endurance exercise, discussing possible underlying mechanisms. The review was conducted in August 2024 across four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect), using a search strategy based on the PICO criteria. The search terms included: “Endurance athletes” OR “Elite athletes” AND “Probiotic” AND “Gastrointestinal” OR “Gut” AND “Symptoms” OR “Health” OR “Disorder.” Randomized controlled clinical trials involving adult endurance athletes were included. A total of 265 articles were identified, of which nine met the eligibility criteria. The interventions involved supplementation with various strains of probiotic bacteria and produced different effects in both the number and severity of GI symptoms during training periods, reducing the number of reported incidents among participants. Due to methodological differences among the studies, it was not possible to determine the best supplementation protocol. Most studies did not report promising outcomes regarding GI-related symptom parameters, yielding heterogeneous results. The methodological variability across studies hinders result interpretation and introduces confounding factors in the analysis. Thus, probiotic supplementation should be approached with caution, respecting GI symptoms and the individual response of each athlete.
Knowledge about transsexuality among a nursing team in a teaching clinic in the city of São Paulo
This article aims to identify the knowledge of the nursing team in a Teaching Clinic regarding the trans population. It is a qualitative and descriptive study conducted with 10 nursing professionals from this Teaching Clinic located in the city of São Paulo. Data were collected in June 2023 through in-person interviews, consisting of both closed and open-ended questions, which were transcribed and analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. The empirical material was analyzed and grouped into six key expressions: Transgender Identity; Transition; Appearance and Respect; Nursing Care; Lack of Preparation. It was identified that, although there is an understanding of the health needs of this population, difficulties persist in implementing care practices that respect gender-specific needs. The study highlights the importance of integrating the topic of transsexuality into training curricula and continuing education spaces to ensure more inclusive and equitable healthcare services.
Nursing process from the student’s perspective: a qualitative approach
During clinical training, students perceived difficulties in applying the nursing process as taught and established in Brazil by Resolution 736/2024 of the Federal Nursing Council. In light of this, there was interest in elucidating the facilitators and challenges faced by students during undergraduate studies. The objective was to uncover students’ perceptions of the theoretical teaching and practical application of the nursing process during supervised internship. This was a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study conducted between march and april 2024. Data collection took place through online interviews via the Microsoft Teams platform, following approval by the Research Ethics Committee (Opinion No. 6.644.807) and informed consent from participants. Seventeen 10th-semester undergraduate nursing students from a private higher education institution participated. At the end of data collection, the recorded interviews were transcribed for content analysis according to the framework of Laurence Bardin. Analysis of the discourse resulted in five thematic categories: learning difficulties; difficulties in practice; adaptations of theoretical teaching for greater proximity to practice; problems faced by nurses in applying the nursing process; and nursing care management. The findings highlighted a gap between theory and the practical application of the nursing process, both for students and professionals. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the theoretical approach through innovative teaching methodologies, optimizing the understanding of the use of this instrument and taxonomies in nursing practice.
RULA method in the ergonomic analysis of an ophthalmic surgeon’s work: a case study
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) represent a widespread occupational health issue across many countries, leading to high organizational costs and constituting one of the main causes of work disability. Ophthalmic surgery requires a high level of concentration, precision, and physical effort, often associated with the adoption of static and inadequate postures, which predispose these professionals to the development of WRMSDs. This study aimed to characterize the posture of an ophthalmic surgeon in the operating room using the RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) method. This is a descriptive case study conducted according to the Case Report (CARE) guidelines. The results revealed that the surgeon remains seated and static for extended periods, adopting potentially harmful postures. The application of the RULA method indicated an urgent need for ergonomic intervention, with recommendations including seat adjustments, arm support, and workspace reorganization. The importance of implementing regular breaks, stretching exercises, and strategies to reduce visual fatigue is also emphasized. The use of more comprehensive, complementary ergonomic assessment methods is recommended for a more complete analysis. It is concluded that ergonomic adaptation of the workstation is essential for promoting the surgeon’s health, safety, and performance, and that the RULA method is a valuable tool for identifying risks associated with WRMSDs.
Lead levels in teeth of inhabitants near a river contaminated with heavy metals: pilot study
The objective of this study was measured the concentration of lead in teeth of patients from health establishments near the Coata River in Puno, Peru. This descriptive design study was approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Universidad Nacional del Altiplano. The concentration of lead (Pb) in permanent teeth was assessed in 33 patients of both sexes which were donated as a result of planned extractions in the dental offices of the health establishments near the Coata River with prior informed consent. The concentration of Pb in teeth was measured with a Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer in the environmental monitoring and evaluation laboratory of the Faculty of Mining Engineering of the National University of the Altiplano Puno. The age range in Coata was 36 to 65 years and in Huata 35 to 63 years.The average age of the sample in the Coata district was 47.5 years and in Huata it was 47.6 years. The people living near the Coata River had a Pb concentration mostly in the range of 0.46 - 0.92 ug/g; and it was the men who had higher concentrations than women, without this difference being significant. It is concluded that teeth can be useful to determine Pb concentration due to chronic environmental exposure.
Functional performance analysis in individuals recovered from COVID-19: assessment through the six-minute walk test
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to healthcare systems, with physiotherapy playing a crucial role in the management of post-infection patients. This descriptive study investigated the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) as an assessment tool to monitor physiological and functional changes in post-COVID patients. Conducted at the Outpatient Clinic of Physiotherapy in Cardiology and Pulmonology at Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista/SP, the study included 18 individuals referred for pulmonary rehabilitation, with a median age of 47 years (±13.40), body mass of 74.50 kg (±20.48), and mean height of 1.65 m (±0.09). The median distance covered in the 6MWT was 481 meters (±106.20), corresponding to 78.9% of the predicted value according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society, indicating reduced tolerance to submaximal aerobic exercise. Statistically significant differences were observed between initial and final values of systolic blood pressure (p < 0.005), heart rate (p < 0.002), rate-pressure product (p < 0.001), and Borg’s Rating of Perceived Exertion scale, both respiratory (p < 0.006) and muscular (p < 0.007). However, no significant differences were found in oxygen saturation (p > 0.34) or diastolic blood pressure (p > 1.00). The results suggest that cardiovascular and hemodynamic adjustments occurred physiologically, reinforcing the use of the 6MWT as a valuable tool for assessing submaximal functional capacity and physiological responses to exercise. The 6MWT proved to be useful in evaluating exercise tolerance in post-COVID individuals.
Physical activity practice and negative self-rated health among university students during COVID-19
During the pandemic, significant changes in university students’ routines affected their lifestyle and health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of negative self-rated health (NSRH) among university students and to analyze its association with moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (MPA) and muscle-strengthening physical activity (MSPA) during the pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,150 students from Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, with a mean age of 31.43 years (SD: 11.07), of whom 63.8% were women. Self-rated health was assessed through a single question, with “fair,” “poor,” and “very poor” considered negative responses. MPA and MSPA practices were assessed using the PERMEV instrument between August 2021 and April 2022. Descriptive analyses and binary logistic regression were performed to estimate associations, with calculation of Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), in both crude and adjusted analyses. The significance level adopted was 5%. The prevalence of NSRH was 38.6%, higher among women (42%) than men (32.5%). Increased MSPA was associated with lower odds of NSRH in both sexes, while maintaining MSPA showed an additional protective effect among men. There was a significant relationship between MSPA and NSRH in both sexes during the pandemic, suggesting that MSPA may reduce negative impacts on health perception during prolonged crisis periods, highlighting the importance of strategies to encourage this type of exercise in situations of physical and social distancing.
Assessment of learning in Interprofessional Education in Health Higher Education: protocol for an integrative literature review on pedagogical approaches
Interprofessional Education (IPE) is defined as situations in which professionals or students from two or more different fields learn with and about each other, with the aim of improving collaboration and the quality of healthcare services provided. When introducing IPE into teaching experiences, it is also necessary to address the assessment of learning within this process. One of the critical issues in assessing learning in IPE is the pedagogical approach adopted by the educational program. In general, such approaches are either not explicitly stated or, when they are, are not reflected in the proposed assessment methods. The objective of this study is to identify and analyze, through an Integrative Literature Review (ILR), the pedagogical approaches used in the assessment of learning in IPE experiences in Health Higher Education. The ILR is a methodology that allows for the rigorous identification and synthetic evaluation of studies available on the topic under investigation. The review question for this study was developed using the strategy that includes Population, Interest, and Context. The ILR methodology will follow six steps: formulation of the research question, definition of inclusion and exclusion criteria, data collection and literature search strategies, rigorous evaluation of the selected studies, analysis and synthesis of the findings, and presentation and interpretation of the results. This ILR aims to identify the predominance of traditional assessments that limit interprofessional learning and to emphasize the importance of integrating formative and summative assessment methods into the teaching process. The description of pedagogical approaches in this ILR may contribute to the development of effective assessment practices in IPE, guiding educators and academic administrators. The results are expected to promote more effective pedagogical policies aligned with the demands of Health Higher Education.
Validity evidence of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: an integrative review
The prevalence of common mental disorders, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and a variety of anxiety disorders, represents a major global burden of disease in both high- and low-income countries. This study aimed to identify validity evidence of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) tested in puerperal women. An integrative review was conducted using the PICO strategy to construct the research question: What validity evidence is available for the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in puerperal women? The databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scielo Org., and SCOPUS. Screening was carried out in Rayyan, following the PRISMA 2020 flowchart. Searches were conducted from october to november 2022. Based on inclusion criteria, 17 studies were selected for analytical synthesis. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is widely recognized as the gold standard for detecting postpartum depression in women worldwide. This instrument allows the identification of depression risk through different cutoff scores. Understanding how the EPDS functions and its limitations is essential for its effective use across diverse contexts, ensuring accurate screening and early identification of cases requiring specialized follow-up.
Anxiety and depression as risk factors for suicidal ideation in adolescentes
Suicidal ideation in adolescents is a complex and multifactorial problem that has gained significant relevance in recent decades. Stigmatized as a critical stage, adolescence is a period in which emotions are more intense, as cognitive development is still in progress, making young people more vulnerable. It is considered by some as the most problematic phase, where high-risk issues, including suicidal ideation, emerge. For many, adolescence represents the healthiest period from a biological perspective, with its understanding being more of a cultural construct rather than solely a biological transition. Consequently, this study aimed to understand the factors influencing suicidal ideation in students from a Secondary Education Institution in the city of Juliaca, Peru. The research followed a cross-sectional design with a descriptive-explanatory approach. A total of 801 students from the first to the fifth year of secondary school participated in the study, all enrolled and actively attending their academic activities. The average age was 14.97 ± 1.92 years, with 423 being female (52.8%) and 378 male (47.2%). The research findings revealed significant results in three factors: anxiety (β = 0.395; P < 0.001), depression (β = 0.258; P < 0.01), and adolescents’ age (β = 0.101; P < 0.001). In this context, preventive interventions, emotional education, and family support are essential to mitigate the risk of suicide in adolescents.
Healthy eating practices for optimal nutrition and well-being: a systematic review
The lack of knowledge and application of healthy eating practices negatively impacts human nutrition and well-being. Therefore, it is crucial to implement strategies aimed at improving eating habits. These actions are essential to promote health in vulnerable populations. The objective of this study was to analyze relevant information on dietary patterns that promote health and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, based on high-impact scientific journals. The research methodology was grounded in a systematic review and the selection of scientific articles. The study sample consisted of 30 scientific articles published in the last six years, retrieved from databases such as Google Scholar, SciELO, Scopus, Science Direct, ERIC, and PubMed, considering as variables: healthy eating practices, nutritional quality, consumption frequency, and effects on metabolic health. A total of 279 scientific documents were identified, of which 30 articles were selected for analysis. An increase in scientific production was observed, with a peak in 2024 and continuous progress in 2025. The studies highlight that nutritional education and food knowledge are essential to improve eating behaviors and prevent chronic diseases. They also emphasize the need for context-specific interventions and public policies that promote healthy and equitable nutrition. It is concluded that nutritional education and interventions tailored to the social and health contexts of specific populations are fundamental to improving eating habits and preventing chronic diseases. Promoting evidence-based practices and strengthening public policies with a life-course approach are essential to ensuring healthy and equitable nutrition.
Ecosystemic health: considerations and insights on a kelp forest in the Strait of Messina (Italy)
The forests of Laminaria ochroleuca in the Strait of Messina and the Alboran Sea (Mediterranean Sea) are true Atlantic relict species, probably dating back to the Pliocene or earlier, that have remained isolated in these areas of the Mediterranean Sea due to the presence of chemical and physical conditions similar to those of the temperate Atlantic Ocean from which they originate. They represent a priority habitat, i.e., a natural habitat to which the European Community has assigned conservation priority. These giant kelp forests are resilient and highly relational species, establishing numerous sustainable reciprocal relationships with the biotic and abiotic environment and with the Mediterranean native coastal populations, providing various ecosystem services. The reciprocal and interconnected relationships characterizing the ecosystem services of these forests trigger a domino effect (or butterfly effect), with positive consequences for the integral health of the ecosystem in which native coastal populations are among the many beneficiary species. The well-being of a species inherently reflects the integral well-being of an ecosystem. Mediterranean native coastal populations therefore should develop a new awareness and relational skills. The objectives of this scientific contribution are to provide valuable considerations and insights on the interconnections between ecosystem services of L. ochroleuca’s forests, preliminary data, and remarks concerning participatory science and research activities carried out by researchers and divers in the Strait of Messina, as well as the integral health of the marine environment and the native Mediterranean populations living along these shores.
Impact of family and community medicine residency on performance indicators
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of implementing the Family and Community Medicine Residency Program on health indicators in Campinas, comparing the results with those of other Brazilian cities. The study employed an observational and descriptive design, analyzing secondary data obtained from the Primary Health Care Information System for the years 2018 to 2023. The analysis was conducted using Student’s t-test and the Difference-in-Differences (DiD) methodology. The results showed significant improvements in the mentioned indicators, with increases ranging from 3.61% to 85.09% in health indicators in Campinas, while the other cities did not show such substantial variations. These findings indicate a positive impact of the residency program on Primary Health Care, suggesting that the presence of family and community physicians contributed to improving the quality of and access to health services in Campinas. It is concluded that the continuation and expansion of the program are recommended, as well as the continuous monitoring of health indicators to ensure the sustainability of the achieved results.
Psychological factors associated with suicidal ideation in high school adolescentes
Suicide is a major public health issue that is often overlooked, surrounded by stigma, myths, and taboos. The aim of this article was to identify psychological factors, such as depression, stress, and anxiety, that predict suicidal ideation in high school adolescents. The study was conducted with 292 students with a mean age of 15.52 ±1.64 years from the Institución Educativa Secundaria Nuestra Señora del Carmen, located in the city of Ilave, Puno region, during the months of May to August 2024. This study employed a descriptive-explanatory cross-sectional design. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis show a significant relationship between depression, stress, and suicidal ideation, suggesting that these factors play an important role in increasing the risk of suicidal thoughts (R² = 0.432). In particular, depression emerged as the strongest predictor (β = 0.462, p < 0.001) compared to stress (β = 0.188, p < 0.05), highlighting the urgency of targeted interventions that prioritize depressive symptoms in suicide prevention strategies. These findings emphasize the need for healthcare professionals to implement comprehensive mental health assessments and interventions that not only focus on alleviating symptoms of depression and stress but also promote resilience and coping mechanisms among at-risk populations.
Urinary tract infection in pregnant women attended in Primary Health Care: a clinical and epidemiological analysis
This study evaluated the prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in pregnant women receiving care in Primary Health Care (PHC) and analyzed its association with sociodemographic aspects, adequacy of prenatal care according to the guidelines of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH), and pregnancy outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in PHC units in Marau/RS, Brazil, with pregnant women of any age and expected date of delivery between February 2019 and June 2020. Data were collected from medical records, and descriptive statistics as well as the distribution of UTI outcomes and adverse pregnancy events were presented (chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test; statistical significance set at 5%). A total of 364 pregnant women were included, of whom 20.9% had UTI. Despite an adequate number of consultations, fewer than half (42.9%) underwent urine testing as recommended by the MoH protocol. A statistically significant association was observed between paid employment, performance of at least one qualitative urine test and urine culture during prenatal care, compliance with the MoH protocol, and the occurrence of UTI (p < 0.05). UTI was present in approximately one-fifth of the pregnant women. Fewer than half were screened for UTI according to the MoH protocol, a concerning scenario given the potential for underdiagnosis and consequent lack of treatment of this infection.
Therapeutic ultrasound alters the physicochemical properties of nanostructured lipid carriers
Quercetin has therapeutic potential in the recovery of musculoskeletal injuries; however, when administered orally, this polyphenol exhibits low absorption. Its skin penetration can be enhanced by nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with quercetin (NLC-Q) applied in combination with pulsed therapeutic ultrasound (PTU). However, different intensities of 1 MHz ultrasound may compromise the physicochemical properties of NLC-Q, and this interaction has not yet been evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different 1 MHz PTU intensities on the physicochemical properties of a gel containing nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with quercetin (NLC-Q). NLC-Q was developed using the high shear rate method. PTU (1 MHz, for 5 min, 20% duty cycle) was applied to the gel at intensities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 W/cm2 SATA (spatial average temporal average intensity). Physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, mean particle size, polydispersity index, and concentrations of quercetin within the nanostructured lipid carriers) were evaluated before and after the application of different PTU intensities. Intensities of 0.1 and 0.2 W/cm2 SATA did not alter the physicochemical properties of NLC-Q, while intensities of 0.4 and 0.6 W/cm2 SATA increased particle size by 14% and 44%, respectively (P < 0.001). These intensities also increased the polydispersity index by 28% and 88% (P < 0.001). PTU intensities above 0.4 W/cm2 SATA lead to instability of NLC-Q within the gel, which does not favor the topical delivery of the active ingredient.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescentes
The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children and adolescents admitted to a reference service of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). This was a cross-sectional study based on the analysis of secondary data extracted from medical records. The variables investigated included sex, age, nutritional status, season of the year, signs and symptoms at admission, predisposing factors, length of hospitalization, ICU admission, complications, degree of acidosis, first decompensation, and therapeutic protocols used. A higher frequency of hospitalizations was observed among adolescents (54.7%), females (57.1%), and during the winter (30.9%). The mean age was 10.1 years. The most prevalent signs and symptoms at admission were dehydration, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain. The main causes associated with DKA were infections and missed insulin doses (49.9%). Complications occurred in 50% of cases, with hypokalemia and hyponatremia being the most prominent. Most hospitalizations involved mild or moderate degrees of acidosis (85.8%). First decompensation cases occurred in younger children, usually presenting with classic diabetes symptoms (polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia). Among patients with a previous diagnosis, nausea and vomiting were more common. The most frequently used treatment consisted of continuous infusion of regular insulin and hydration with 0.9% saline solution. Hospitalizations for DKA were more frequent among female adolescents, especially during the winter. Mild to moderate acidosis predominated, with treatment aligned with current guidelines.
Stress levels, eating habits, and body weight of adults in Higher Education Institutions
To analyze the prevalence of perceived stress during the period of social isolation imposed by the Covid-19 pandemic, according to sociodemographic characteristics, food consumption, and other health-related behaviors, among adult workers and students from Higher Education Institutions in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 with 524 individuals. Participants completed an online questionnaire on perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), in addition to reporting the weekly frequency of consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods. Adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression. The highest level of perceived stress reached 31.1% of the sample and was even higher among individuals with lower household income (≤ 3 minimum wages, PR=2.14; 95% CI: 1.22–3.73), those who consumed fried foods (PR=1.80; 95% CI: 1.15–2.82), those who consumed sweets ≥ 2 days per week (PR=1.69; 95% CI: 1.11–2.56), those who reported increased alcohol consumption (PR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.15–2.68), and those who reported body weight reduction (PR=2.62; 95% CI: 1.25–5.51) during the Covid-19 pandemic. The findings of this study show that more than one-third of students and education professionals exhibited high levels of stress, along with greater consumption of foods with low nutritional quality, increased alcohol use, and weight loss during Covid-19-related isolation.
Differences in food intake, body composition, and physical activity between university students with normal - weight obesity and normal - weight lean
Normal-weight obesity (NWO) is a prevalent health issue characterized by a normal Body Mass Index (BMI) alongside a high body fat percentage (BF%). An unhealthy lifestyle, characterized by poor quality of food intake and lack of physical activity, is a contributing factor to NWO. This study aims to investigate the differences in healthy food intake, physical activity, and body composition parameters between students identified as NWO and normal‑weight lean (NWL). This was a cross-sectional study involving 149 university students. Body composition measurements were carried out using the InBody 370s. Physical activity data were measured using the General Physical Activity Questionnaire, and food intake quality was collected using the Food Frequency and Recommended Food Score (RFS). Comparative tests were applied to assess differences in measured variables between groups. Among the participants, 31.5% were classified as NWO, 49.7% engaged in moderate physical activity, and only 27.52% adhered to a healthy diet. Furthermore, we found lower physical activity (PA) scores and healthy food intake in NWO students compared to NWL group. Significant differences were also observed in body composition parameters, where BMI, PBF, fat-mass, fat-free mass, and BMR were higher in students with normal weight (p<0.05). This study highlights the urgent need for interventions aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles, which can help students achieve and maintain a balanced body composition. By focusing on enhancing physical activity levels and improving dietary intake, it is possible to mitigate the risks associated with NWO and achieve better health outcomes. Thus, the findings suggest that universities should implement targeted wellness programs, such as nutrition education, campus fitness initiatives, and accessible wellness resources, to encourage sustainable lifestyle changes. These measures can help prevent obesity-related health problems and improve students’ overall well-being and academic performance.
Association between polypharmacy, medication adherence, and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease: a preliminary study in the Brazilian Amazon
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that requires complex pharmacological management, with polypharmacy being highly prevalent and potentially compromising treatment adherence and quality of life. This cross-sectional study included 52 patients with CKD treated at a regional hospital in northern Brazil. Its objective was to examine the association between polypharmacy, treatment adherence, and quality of life. Adherence was assessed using the Morisky-Green Test, while quality of life was measured with the abbreviated version of the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. Results demonstrated that 65% of patients presented moderate adherence, while 35% exhibited low adherence, which was significantly associated with lower quality-of-life scores, particularly in the physical and psychological domains. Female sex, higher educational level, and recent diagnosis (1–3 years) were predictors of better adherence. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression, with a 5% significance level and adjustments for sociodemographic variables. These findings reinforce the negative impact of low adherence to pharmacotherapy on the quality of life of patients with CKD and highlight the importance of targeted interventions, including individualized pharmacotherapy review, health education programs, and psychosocial support, to improve adherence and promote patient well-being.
Climate change and relational sustainability: a shared future?
We are living in a time when climate change is one of the most pressing challenges facing humanity and the planet Earth. The response to this crisis must address the root of the problem, the way we live, interact, and relate to the environment, and not be limited to reducing greenhouse gas emissions or developing green technologies. Relational sustainability is a novel approach to the problems caused by pollution. It focuses on human-nature and human-human relationships, moving away from environmental sustainability that focuses on ‘physical’ approaches. This approach brings together the search for answers on several levels, involving disciplines such as the natural sciences, social sciences, law, economics, philosophy, psychology, and education. It cuts across various scientific, social and humanistic fields. This has enabled sustainability researchers to generate rich insights and significant socio-political work, leading to the development of new ways of thinking about possible solutions to environmental impacts and their consequences. Relational sustainability can be strengthened through collective awareness and action to address environmental challenges. Open communication, social innovation, psychological support, promotion of sustainable lifestyles, inclusion and diversity, and shared responsibility are suggested as possible solutions.
Pediatric guidance in prenatal care: longitudinality of child care
This study aimed to investigate the pediatric guidance provided by Primary Health Care professionals during prenatal consultations, from the perspective of postpartum women. A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with postpartum women. Data collection took place after approval by the Research Ethics Committee, in a Primary Health Care service in a municipality located in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, during the first semester of 2024, and was subjected to thematic content analysis. Thirteen postpartum women participated in the study, of whom eight reported receiving pediatric guidance during prenatal care from nurses and physicians. The guidance addressed included breastfeeding, hygiene, newborn skin care, prevention of childhood accidents, first aid, newborn visits, immunizations, labor, and birth. Topics that generated insecurity in child care were identified, such as sleep, breastfeeding, disease prevention, relief of colic, bathing, cry management, and maternal role overload. The study concluded that there is a need to develop strategies that enable spaces for discussion of these topics. In addition, the application of educational technologies on pediatric care in the prenatal context is necessary, with the aim of providing safety for postpartum women and their support networks, thereby promoting the longitudinality of child care.
School physical education and health based on the principles of body literacy: propositions and validation of an educational technology
Body Literacy (BL) is recognized by the World Health Organization as a key element in promoting a more active and healthy life. Technologies aimed at strengthening the competencies of School Physical Education (SPE) teachers to recognize this element in pedagogical practice are urgently needed. This study aimed to develop and validate an Educational Technology (ET) on the principles of BL within the pedagogical practice of SPE. This methodological study was grounded in the principles of Instructional Design and conducted in three phases: (1) analysis and planning (literature review), (2) development of the ET (didactic unit of a self-instructional teacher training course), and (3) content and appearance validation. In the final phase, 21 judges (9 researchers and 12 primary/ secondary school teachers) assessed the content and appearance of the ET using standardized instruments. Data analysis included the calculation of the Content Validity Index (CVI), Content Validity Ratio (CVR), and Appearance Validity Index (AVI). The developed ET comprises 17 pages, structured around three topics: School Physical Education as a promoter of health, the concept and principles of BL, and successful practical experiences. In the validation process, the ET achieved a total CVI of 0.98, a CVR of 0.75 for content, and an AVI of 0.95, indicating excellent validation indices. In conclusion, this ET may serve as a training resource for teachers on how BL can be incorporated into SPE pedagogical practices, contributing to holistic student development and health promotion in schools.
Implementation of a Program to Tackle Dental Caries in Schoolchildren in the State of São Paulo through Continuing Education
Despite the advances of the National Oral Health Policy (Brasil Sorridente Program) in reducing the prevalence of caries, challenges persist, especially among more vulnerable groups. This study aimed to describe and analyze the process of the first seven months of implementing a government program of Continuing Education to tackle dental caries in schoolchildren in the state of São Paulo, using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to disseminate Minimal Intervention Dentistry practices in partnership with the University. This is a case report with a qualitative-quantitative approach. Data sources included document analysis and statistics produced by YouTube. Classes were conducted via the YouTube platform, with interaction through WhatsApp groups and Google Classroom. Workshops were developed to support the implementation process of the new oral health care model in the state. The experience reported in this study highlights the effectiveness of using ICTs, as a considerable audience was reached, with at least one representative from each Regional Health Department (DRS) present. There was a higher prevalence of access via mobile devices, underscoring the potential of technologies to complement traditional strategies and help reduce inequalities in access. Collaboration between teaching, service, and the community allowed for implementation aligned with the specificities of each municipality, highlighting the role of science in professional practice. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that Continuing Education empowered workers, as information from professionals who participated in virtual clinics was disseminated to service professionals.
Contributions of emotional intelligence in facing leadership challenges in nursing
This study aims to analyze nurses’ perceptions regarding leadership challenges and the elements of emotional intelligence necessary for professional practice. It is a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study, with the participation of nine nurses who held leadership positions between 2021 and 2024. Data collection took place between November 2023 and January 2024 through remotely conducted semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis resulted in two categories: Leadership Challenges in Nursing and Emotional Intelligence in Leadership Practice. It was identified that achieving and maintaining leadership positions is a challenge, especially in people management, with the pleasure of dealing with people being the main motivator for assuming such a position. Among the elements of emotional intelligence, self-awareness was highlighted as a source of motivation for leadership, but also as a challenge within the leadership process. Other aspects considered essential included social skills, motivation, empathy, and communication. It is concluded that emotional intelligence is a differentiating factor for success in nursing leadership, with people management being the greatest challenge and, at the same time, the main motivation for leading. The most frequently cited elements - self-awareness, social skills, motivation, empathy, and communication - were recognized as fundamental for the exercise of leadership.
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Nursing assessment in cardiovascular rehabilitation: manifestations of the subject dimension
Nursing assessment is an important step in the nursing process within the context of cardiovascular rehabilitation. The use of measurement instruments to support this activity, such as the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Measurement Scale, is essential to ensure that interventions are aligned with the patient’s actual needs, considering all dimensions involved in the phenomenon. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the manifestations of the subject dimension that are indicative of cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR), in the context of clinical nursing care assessment. This is an integrative review, conducted between April and September 2022, guided by the following research question: “What are the essential elements/indicators of CR in the context of clinical care?” Data collection was carried out in five databases, resulting in a final sample of 30 studies. The indicators of the subject dimension were organized into the subdimensions of physical conditioning, psycho-emotional situations, and health behaviors, referring to the set of aspects manifested by the individual themselves that are indicative of the effectiveness — or lack thereof — of their rehabilitation process. By clarifying this dimension, it becomes possible to conduct an appropriate evaluation of nursing care in CR programs or processes, considering biological, psycho-emotional, and behavioral factors.